Brain and Cranial Nerves

What is the largest part of the brain?

Cerebrum

What connects the brain to the spinal cord?

Medulla oblongata

What controls balance and coordination?

Cerebellum

What controls heart rate and breathing?

Medulla oblongata

What part of the brain relays sensory info to the cerebrum?

Thalamus

What brain part regulates hunger, thirst, and temperature?

Hypothalamus

What produces CSF? Cerebrospinal fluid

Choroid plexus

What fluid protects the brain and spinal cord?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

What divides the two cerebral hemispheres?

Longitudinal fissure

What is the ridge on the brain called?

Gyrus

What is the groove on the brain called?

Sulcus

What lobe is for vision?

Occipital lobe

What lobe is for hearing?

Temporal lobe

What lobe is for movement?

Frontal lobe

What lobe is for touch and pressure?

Parietal lobe

What structure links left and right brain hemispheres?

Corpus callosum

How many cranial nerves are there?

12

What is CN I?

Olfactory (smell)

What is CN II?

Optic (vision)

What is CN X?

Vagus (parasympathetic control)

What does the limbic system control?

Emotions and memory

What part of the brain has the primary motor cortex?

Precentral gyrus

What part of the brain has the primary sensory cortex?

Postcentral gyrus

What are the three meninges (outer to inner)?

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

What is the function of the pons?

Breathing and relaying signals

What fluid-filled spaces cushion the brain?

Ventricles

What is the "little brain" called?

Cerebellum

What connects the cerebellum to the brainstem?

Pons

What part of the brain processes visual and auditory reflexes?

Midbrain (Mesencephalon)

What structure produces melatonin?

Pineal gland

What system links emotion with memory?

Limbic system

What cranial nerve controls most eye movements?

Oculomotor (CN III)

What cranial nerve controls facial expressions?

Facial nerve (CN VII)

What cranial nerve is for hearing and balance?

Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

Homeostasis, hormone control

What is the role of the thalamus?

Sensory relay station

What is the clear, protective fluid around the CNS?

CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid)

What divides the frontal and parietal lobes?

Central sulcus

What structure is responsible for voluntary movement?

Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)

What structure is responsible for sensory input (touch, pressure, pain)?

Primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)

What fibers connect the two hemispheres?

Commissural fibers

What fibers connect areas within the same hemisphere?

Association fibers

What are projection fibers?

Fibers connecting cerebrum to lower brain/spinal cord

What cells produce CSF?

Ependymal cells

What is the function of CSF?

Cushion, support, nutrient delivery, waste removal

Which cranial nerve innervates the tongue muscles?

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Which cranial nerve innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid?

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Which cranial nerve has three branches: ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular?

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

What part of the brain is involved in taste?

Insula and gustatory cortex

What part of the brain controls the autonomic nervous system?

Hypothalamus