Biology Exam 2

Catabolic

breaks down molecules and releases energy

Products of cellular respiration:

6CO2 +6H2O + ATP

Reactants of cellular respiration:

C6H12O6 + 6O2

Products of photosynthesis

C6H12O6 + 6O2

Reactants of photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Hydrolysis is an example of a ________ reaction

catabolic

Where does glycolysis occur?

cytoplasm

What happens to the O2 required by the Electron Transport Chain?

It accepts low-energy electrons and forms water

Pyruvate Oxidation reactants:

pyruvate, NAD+, coenzyme A

Light Reaction Products:

O2, ATP, NADPH

Each time the Calvin Cycle is completed, how many carbons are FIXED?

1 carbon

What leads a cell to perform fermentation?

When there is no O2 in its environment

A low level of ATP causes a cell to _________ the rate that it performs glycolysis

increase

The Electron Transport Chain is involved in the process of

oxidative phosphorylation

Glycolysis starts with _______ and ends with _______

glucose, pyruvate

Where does the process of pyruvate oxidation occur?

Mitrochondrial matrix

If a molecule GAINS electrons then is has been _______

reduced

Do endergonic reactions absorb or release energy?

absorb

Do exergonic reactions absorb or release energy?

release

Anabolic

builds up molecules and absorbs energy

A high level of ATP causes a cell to ______ the rate that it performs pyruvate oxidation

decrease

Pyruvate oxidation starts with ________ and ends with __________

pyruvate, acetyl CoA

Which form of the NAD+/NADH carrier IS transporting electrons?

NADH

Glycolysis builds ATP through

substrate-level phosphorylation

Glycolysis reactants:

glucose, ATP, NAD+

Glycolysis products:

pyruvate, (net) ATP, NADH

Pyruvate Oxidation products

acetyl CoA, CO2, NADH

Citric (Krebs) Acid Cycle reactants:

acetyl CoA, NAD+, FAD

Citric (Krebs) Acid Cycle products:

oxaloacetate, CO2, ATP, NADH, FADH2

Oxidative Phosphorylation reactants:

NADH, FADH2, O2

Oxidative Phosphorylation products:

ATP, H2O

What would happen to the Electron Transport Chain if there was no oxygen present?

No ATP would be produced since low-energy electrons would pile up in the ETC

A low level of ATP causes a cell to __________ the rate that it performs pyruvate oxidation

increase

ATP Synthase builds ATP through

oxidative phosphorylation

Where are the Electron Transport Chain proteins located?

inner mitochondrial membrane

Citric Acid Cycle starts with _________ and ends with ________

acetyl CoA, carbon dioxide

Where does the Citric Acid Cycle occur?

mitochondrial matrix

A HIGH level of ATP causes a cell to _______ the rate that it performs glycolysis

decrease

The Citric Acid Cycle builds ATP through

substrate level phosphorylation

Calvin Cycle Reactants:

CO2, ATP, NADPH

Calvin Cycle Products:

C6H12O6 (glucose)

Light Reaction Reactants:

H2O, light energy, NADP+, ADP and P

How many carbon dioxide (CO2) are needed to generate one new glucose molecule?

6

Function of Light Dependent Reactions?

capture sunlight and store it in ATP and NADPH

Function of Calvin Cycle?

Builds sugar

How is ATP made during the process of photosynthesis?

The enzyme ATP Synthase uses the proton gradient to generate it

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration connected to each other?

Photosynthesis builds the glucose needed for cellular respiration

The special electrons for Photosystem II come from

water

Is photosynthesis endergonic or exergonic?

endergonic

What organic compound is the DIRECT output of the Calvin Cycle?

G3P

How many "turns" of the Calvin Cycle are required to generate one molecule of glucose?

Six turns

This is the source of special electrons for Photosystem II

water

This is the name of the complexes where light is used to energize electrons

photosystems I and II

This molecule is the final electron acceptor of the light reactions

NADP+

Where do light reactions of photosynthesis occur?

thylakoid membrane

Where does Calvin Cycle occur?

stroma

This is the enzyme that performs carbon fixation

Rubisco

This is the enzyme that uses the proton gradient to build ATP

ATP Synthase

Fungi are considered

heterotrophs