period 2 apush

motivations for settlement of British colonies

defeat of the spanish Armada, population increase, development of joint stock company, and religious freedom

Sir Walter Raleigh

An English explorer and writer who sponsored the failed attempt to establish the Roanoke Colony.

Lost Colony of Roanoke

The first English settlement in the Americas that mysteriously disappeared.

John Smith

An English soldier and explorer who played a crucial role in the establishment of Jamestown.

John Rolfe

An English settler known for introducing tobacco cultivation to Virginia.

joint stock companies

Business entities where investors pool resources to fund colonial ventures.

Jamestown

Founded in 1607, funded by the Virginia company of London, and led by John smith

importance of tobacco

A cash crop that became the foundation of the Virginia economy.

Anglican Church

The Church of England, established as the state church.

House of Burgesses

The first legislative assembly in the American colonies, established in Virginia.

Pilgrims

English settlers who founded Plymouth Colony in 1620 seeking religious freedom.

Mayflower Compact

An agreement made by the Pilgrims to govern themselves in the New World. (1st)

town meetings

Local gatherings where colonists discussed and made decisions on community issues.

Puritans

A religious group seeking to purify the Church of England, who settled in Massachusetts.

John Winthrop

The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, known for his vision of a 'City upon a Hill'.

"City upon a Hill"

A phrase used by John Winthrop to describe the Puritan's vision of their community as a model for others.

praying towns

Communities established by Puritans for Native Americans to convert to Christianity.

William Bradford

The governor of Plymouth Colony and a signatory of the Mayflower Compact.

Great Migration

The period during the 1630s when many Puritans migrated to New England.

Harvard University

The first institution of higher education in America, established in 1636.

Covenant Chain

A series of alliances and treaties between the Iroquois Confederacy and the British colonies.

Lord Baltimore

The founder of the Maryland colony, known for his policy of religious tolerance.

Williams Penn

The founder of Pennsylvania, known for promoting religious freedom and democratic principles.

James Oglethorpe

The founder of Georgia, intended as a refuge for debtors and the poor.

Roger Williams

A religious dissenter who founded Rhode Island for its policy of religious freedom.

Anne Hutchinson

Challenged New England by holding meetings on changing the church. Believed whether or not you go to heaven is based on what you do yourself. Rallied women, lower income, merchants, and antinomians. Banished to Rhode Island.

Pequot War

A conflict between English settlers and the Pequot tribe in the 1630s.

Metacom's War/King Philip's War

A conflict between Native American tribes and English settlers in New England.

Salem Witch Trials

A series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts.

headright system

A land grant policy that encouraged settlement by giving land to settlers.

indentured servants

Individuals who worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to America.

Bacon's Rebellion

A 1676 revolt in Virginia against the colonial government led by Nathaniel Bacon.

Great Awakening

A religious revival movement in the 18th century that emphasized personal faith.

Navigation Acts

British laws that regulated colonial trade to benefit England's economy.

mercantilism

when colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country.

salutary neglect

An unofficial British policy of relaxed enforcement of regulations in the colonies.

Dominion of New England

A short-lived administrative union of English colonies in the New England region.

Sir Edmund Andros

The governor of the Dominion of New England, known for his unpopular rule.

Glorious Revolution

The 1688 overthrow of King James II of England, leading to the establishment of constitutional monarchy.

Leisler's Rebellion

A revolt in New York against the Dominion of New England and its governor.

Zenger trial

A landmark case in 1735 that established the precedent for freedom of the press.

transatlantic print culture

The exchange of printed materials across the Atlantic, influencing ideas and culture.

Enlightenment ideals

Philosophical concepts emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of authority.

American exceptionalism

The belief that the United States has a unique mission to spread democracy and freedom.

revival

A renewed interest in religion, often characterized by large public meetings.

deism

A philosophical belief in a rational God who created the universe but does not intervene in it.

Jonathan Edwards

A preacher known for his role in the First Great Awakening and his sermon 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God'.

George Whitefield

An influential preacher during the Great Awakening known for his charismatic style.

Old Lights

Traditionalists in the church who opposed the emotionalism of the Great Awakening.

New Lights

Supporters of the revivalist movements during the Great Awakening.

Halfway Covenant

A form of partial church membership created by New England Congregationalists.

Protestant evangelism

The spreading of Protestant faith through preaching and personal witness.