European History Exam 1

Humans began creating civilizations during the Paleolithic period.

False

The terms "society" and "civilization" mean the same thing.

False

The "Venus" figure discussed in class is believed by most scholars to be associated with

Fertility

Hunter/gathers

-lived in caves or simple tent-like structures made from animal hides

-dominated the Paleolithic Era.

-were nomadic

-followed animal migrations

Which of Ötzi's belongings changed the historical time line?

Bronze Axe

Ötzi lived during which period?

Neolitic

People living in groups/communities that are more or less ordered are called

Societies

The Greek word from which we get the word "history" means {historia}

To inquire

Ancient law codes can reveal a great deal about the society that created them.

True

Which came first?

Paleolithic Age

The Epic of Gilgamesh is a ___________ myth from the third millennium BCE.

Summerian

Gilgamesh was ______ god.

two-thirds

When describing Gilgamesh's treatment of his people, the author says that a king should be a _______ to his people.

Shepard

In response to the laments of Gilgamesh's people, Aruru created ________, an equal to Gilgamesh.

Enkidu

Utnapishtim told Gilgamesh how he survived the ________ the gods had sent to destroy humankind.

Flood

What did the god Ea tell Utnapishtim to do?

Build a boat

What do these passages tell you about the Mesopotamians?

-Mesopotamians believed that the gods were involved in human affairs.

-They believed the gods would sometimes help humans.

-They feared angering the gods, who could punish them with natural disasters.

-They believed the gods behaved much like humans and had human-like emotions.

The Egyptian peasant story illustrates

the rights of the common people in Egypt.

Why was Hunanup going to Egypt?

to get bread for his children

How long did the peasant plead with Dehuti-necht?

4 days

With what was Meruitensi and other officials so pleased that ultimately the peasant went before the king?

his eloquence

Although the text was corrupted and only a few words of the remainder of the story could be read, it appears that the peasant recieved

a list of goods that were to come from Dehuti-necht's estate.

Sumerians believed that the gods owned the cities, which created a ________, making the priestly class very powerful.

Theocracy

The basic characteristics of a civilization are: (choose all that apply)

-development of writing

-new forms of artistic and intellectual activity

-an urban focus

-social structure

-a distinct religious structure

-a clear political and military structure

Cuneiform is

a system of writing.

In ancient civilizations, bronze would replace copper because

bronze was stronger.

Like the gods of Mesopotamia, Egyptian gods were anthroppomorphic, meaning they

had human characteristics.

The Pharaoh Ramses II regained control of the region of Palestine but invasions by the ______________ forced the Egyptians back to their traditional lands.

Sea Peoples

The Hyksos

were a Semitic-speaking people who infiltrated Egypt in the seventeenth century B.C.

The pyramids were built during the

Old Kingdom.

Egyptian pharaohs ruled and derived their authority from the

principle of Ma'at.

According to Egyptian theology, the pharaoh derived his authority from

the fact that he was perceived as a divine instrument of order and harmony.

Punishments for crimes under the Code of Hammurabi

were more severe for the lower classes.

The most famous of the megalithic constructions of Europe is

Stonehenge.

Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaten because he sought to make Egypt

monotheistic.

There are 5 major periods in Egyptian history.

False (There are only 3)

Hammurabi was a ________________ king.

Babylonian

Cities first developed in Sumer because the inhabitants figured out how to

use the rivers to irrigate the land.

The basic unit of early Mesopotamian civilization was the

city-state.

The first known empire of the Ancient Near East was the

Akkadian Empire.

After Akhenaten's failed attempt to do away with the old gods, their temples were restored under the reign of the famous "boy king," ______________.

Tutankhamen

One of the few female pharaohs was

Hatshepsut.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about Stonehenge?

It indicates that its builders had significant knowlege of astronomy.

The Code of Hammurabi demonstrates the existence of distinct classes with Babylonian society.

True

The Stonehenge People belonged to the

Neolithic Age.

Mesopotamian religion was

one in which no one god reigned supreme and deities were closely related to cities.

Egyptian kings come to be known as Pharaoh during the

New Kingdom.

The Exodus in the Old Testament refers to

the Hebrews' flight from Egypt under the guidance of Moses.

The Hittites jealously guarded the technology of

smelting iron to make tools and weapons.

All of the following helped make the Neo-Assyrians an efficient military machine except for

humane treatment of prisoners.

The greatest international sea traders of the ancient Near East were the

Phoenicians.

The Philistines are believed

to be one of the groups known as the Sea People.

Solomon's most revered contribution to the Hebrew society was to

construct the Temple, the symbolic center of the Hebrew religion and society.

The Persian Empire reached its largest territorial boundaries under

Darius.

Zoroastrianism

stressed the free will and power of humans to choose between good and evil.

In Zoroastrianism, the evil spirit was known as

Ahriman.

King David's chief contribution in Hebrew history was the

establishment of Hebrew control over all of Palestine.

The Phoenicians' greatest contriubtion to Western society was

the alphabet.

The Neo-Bablyonian king who defeated Egypt, carried the people of Judah into exile, and rebulit Babylon was

Nebuchadnezzar II

After the death of Solomon, tensions between the northern and southern tribes led to the establishment of two kingdoms, the kingdom of ____ and the kingdom of ____.

Israel and Judah

The Sea Peoples

-consisted of a number of distinct groups.

-were mercenaries.

-arrived in the Near East as a result of human migrations.

In 1276 BC, the Egyptians and the Hittites fought to a standstill at the Battle of

Kadesh.

The western coast of Asia Minor is often called the Ionian Coast because of the migration of ______________ into the area.

Greeks

Greeks acquired their perception of the proper roles for men, women, and children from Homer.

True

According to Homer, Greek men often sent trained warrior slaves to war instead of themselves.

False

Homer taught Greek women's honor was in being patient and modest.

True

Which of the following were important ideals the Iliad revealed for Greek men and women? Check all that apply.

-Greek women saw themselves as no more than slaves.

-Greek men strove to make their names known through heroic acts.

-Greek men wanted to be such great heroes that their descendants would not have to fight.

-Greek women oversaw the household while their husbands were at war.

Which of the following were values the Greeks learned from Homer? Check all that apply.

-Heroism was displayed in primal ferocity.

-Striving for excellence was extremely important.

Homer's Iliad points out the

honor and courage of Greek aristocratic heroes in battle.

During the migrations of the Greek Dark Age, many Ionians

crossed the Aegean Sea to settle in Asia Minor.

All of the following are prominent features of Greece's topography except

extensive open plains.

The period immediately following the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization is referred to as the

Greek Dark Age.

The chief center of Minoan Crete was

Knossus.

Early Greek philosophy attempted to

explain the universe on the basis of unifying principles.

In general, separate early Greek communities

became fierce rivals fighting so often as to threaten Greek civilization itself.

Which of the following statements best describes the Mycenaeans.

They were a warrior people who achieved their apex between 1400 and 1200 B.C.

The civilization of Minoan Crete

both enjoyed great prosperity due to extensive sea trade and commerce and developed elaborate skills in art and architecture, visible in their great palaces.

For the Greeks, the term arete described the

the striving for excellence.

The philosophical school that stressed happiness through freeing oneself from a political life was

Epicureanism.

The hoplite phalanx was

a new Greek military organization of heavily armed infantry.

Philip II was able to forge an efficient military machine by

-using sturdy peasants and shepherds as foot soldiers.

-by using the phalanx and strong cavalry to break all opponents.

Which of the following is true of Greece from the eighth century B.C.?

The polis evolved into the central institution in Greek life.

The Athenian statesman who established the ten tribes and who weakened the aristocracy and increased the authority of the ordinary citizens was

Cleisthenes.

Tyranny in the Greek polis arose as

a reaction to aristocratic power and a widening gulf between the rich and the poor.

Stoicism

maintained that people could gain inner peace by seeking virtue and living according to nature.

Socrates was condemned to death for

corrupting the youth of Athens.

The Hellenistic era describes an age that saw

the extension and imitation of Greek culture throughout the ancient Near East.

In Sparta

life resembled that of a military camp.

The Republic depicted

Plato's idea of the ideal government and society.

At the Battle of Thermopylae, the

Spartans fought a noble holding action to the last man.

Which of the following statements best describes Hellenistic cities?

important centers of administration, most of which were dominated by Greeks and Greek culture.

The Hellenistic states in the centuries after Alexander the Great

became despotic monarchies.

The polis was the Greek name for

city-state.

Spartan helots

-farmed the land as sharecroppers.

-had war declared on them every year.

The Sophists

were professional teachers who seemingly questioned the traditional values of their societies.

Upon the death of Alexander

his Macedonian generals became involved in successive power struggles.

At the Battle of Marathon, the Greeks

won a decisive victory by aggressive attack against a stronger foe.

The Peloponnesian War resulted in

the defeat of Athens and the collapse of its empire.

The rise of tyrants in the poleis in the seventh and sixth centuries B.C.

often encouraged the economic and cultural progress of the cities.

The immediate cause of the Persian Wars was

a revolt of the Ionian Greek colonies in Asia Minor.