left realists

matthews and young

notion of the square of crime is an important reminder that crime arises at an intersection

any understanding of the roles of the offender and the victim must be supplemented with an understanding of the role of the general public

criminologists cannot look at factors in isolation but should understand how they influence each other

whether the person is a victim or not is dependent on the offender and the crime and it’s impact on the victim.

lea and young

three factors propel people to crime

relative deprivation: refers to the subjective feeling of deprivation an individual may feel when comparing themselves to others

marginalisation: those on the fringes of society, the home,ess, the poor and some ethnic minorities may feel abandoned by society and frustrated without any status, power or goals.

subculture: groups of people with shared norms and values

young

move from an inclusive to an exclusive society leads to crime

young focuses on the way that society excludes increasing numbers of people, and draws a link between social exclusion and crime

contrast todays society with the period preceding it, arguing the 50s were the golden age of modern capitalism

changes have contributed to increased marginalisation and exclusion of those at the bottom and crime is a response to this by some groups.

lea and young

believes that the systematic racism which exists, especially within the police force, leads to ethnic minorities groups forming deviant subcultures who are forced to live on the edge of society

socially excluded communities are much more likely to be victims of crime.