Kinesiology Vocab and Notes - unit 4

Sports Injury

1. Improve skills

2. Recognize hazards

3. Proper Training

4. Use safe/quality equipment

How can injury risk be reduced?

1. Tension (pulling)

2. Compression (Squeezing)

3. Bending (Pulling + Squeezing)

4. Shear (Opposite directions)

5. Torsion (Twisting)

What are the forces acting on tissue?

Treatment

Receive care from or by a healthcare professional

• Promotes healing

Rehabilitation

Involves therapists physical restoration of the inured tissue along with the patient’s active participation by following prescribed rehabilitation guidelines

• Should be individualized

Rest it

Ice it

Compress it

Elevate it

What is RICE

• 2-4 days, sets stage for tissue repair

• Defense and protection

1. Inflammatory Phase

Cryotherapy (intervals 20 minutes on/off)

Ice/cold water immersion on injury

• 4-6 weeks, leads to scar formation and repair

• Fibroblasts produce collagen fibers

2. Fibroblastic Repair Phase

• 3 weeks-years, duration depends on injury and level of injury

• stress on area realigns collagen fibers

3. Maturation remodeling

   

Contusion

A bruise

Strain

When a MUSCLE or TENDON is stretched or torn

Sprain

When a LIGAMENT or JOINT capsule is stretched or torn

• Adductors (pulled groin)

• Quadriceps and Hamstrings

• Hip flexors (iliospoas)

What are the most common STRAINS?

• Ankle

what are the most common SPRAIN?

ACL: Anterior Cruciate Ligament

What knee ligament is this?

• Weakest ligament in the knee

MCL: Medial Collateral Ligament

What knee ligament is this?

LCL: Lateral Collateral Ligament

What knee ligament is this?

PCL: Posterior Cruiate Ligament

What knee ligament is this?

Meniscus

What knee ligament is this?

• C shaped shock absorber

Dislocation

The joint surface comes apart

Subluxation (partial dislocation)

When the supporting structures of the joint are stretched and torn, the bony surfaces separate

.

Simple (closed)

Stays within the surrounding soft tissue (skin)

Compound (open)

Protrudes from the skin—sticks out

Transverse (across)

What type of fracture is this?

Linear (Line)

What type of fracture is this?

Oblique, non-displaced

What type of fracture is this?

Oblique, displaced

What type of fracture is this?

Spiral

What type of fracture is this?

Greenstick

What type of fracture is this?

Comminuted

What type of fracture is this?

Stress Fracture

A fracture caused through repeated low-magnitude training loads

Avulsion Fracture

A tendon or ligament pulling a small chip of bone away from the rest of the bone—to dangle

Clavicle

What is the most common fractured bone?

• Seatbelt

Hyoid Bone

What is the rarest type of fracture?

• Choking/direct hit

5th metacarpal—boxer’s fracture

What is this most common fracture in boxing?

Concussion

An injury to the brain that usually develops from a violent shaking or jarring action of the head

1. Confusion

2. Temporary loss of normal brain function (memory, reflexes, speech, coordination/balance)

3. Nausea and vomiting

What are the symptoms of concussion?

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

CTE

Overuse Injuries

Repeated micro trauma without sufficient time to recover

• Tendonitis, bursitis, shoulder impingement, stress fracture

Tendonitis

When the tendon becomes inflamed then weakened from repeated motions or age

• Symptoms: Pain, tenderness, stiffness near a joint, aggravated by movement

Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)

Caused by improper grip/technique—lateral aspect

Golfer’s Elbow/Little League (Medial Epicondylitis)

Affects the medial growth plate—medial aspect

• Discouraged curveballs until age 16

Jumper’s Knee (Patellar Tendonitis)

Affects infrapatellar ligament—stiffness in knee

Bursitis

Inflamation of the bursae (fluid filled sac)—can be in the shoulder, elbow, or hip joint

Shin Splints

Pain along the shin bone (tibia)—Prevented by avoiding misaligned, RICE, and addressing muscle imbalances

• Affects runners and dancers

1. Right Equipment

2. Warm-up and cool-down

3. Stretch and strengthen muscles

4. Eat and hydrate

5. RICE

Injury Prevention