Virginia Henderson’s Need Theory & Nola J. Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM)

Virginia Henderson

Need Theory

14 Components of Virginia Henderson's Need Theory

Breathe normally

Eat and drink adequately

Eliminate body wastes

Move and maintain desirable postures

Sleep and rest

Select suitable clothes - dress and undress

Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying environment

Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the integument

Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others.

Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions.

Worship according to one's faith.

Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment.

Play or participate in various forms of recreation.

Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and use the available health facilities.

Nola J. Pender

Health Promotion Model (HPM)

Individual Characteristics and Experiences

• Includes prior behavior and personal factors (biological, psychological, sociocultural).

• Each person’s past shapes how they view and pursue health in life.

Behavioral Outcomes

he desired outcome is health-promoting behavior—actions that improve well-being, personal growth, and satisfaction with life

Behavior-Specific Cognitions and Affect

• Encompasses perceived benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and feelings related to the behavior.

• People are more likely to engage in healthy behaviors if they believe they can succeed and will gain life enhancing benefits