English for Academic and Professional Purposes Q3

Academic Texts

These are pieces of text that is used to inform and provide a new perspective about a certain topic in an educational manner.

It uses evidence, professional language, and jargon specific to the topic.

It follows the layout: introduction, body, and conclusion.

The Role of Academic Texts

Inform the reader

Analyze a certain topic and previous data

Argue based on evidence

Contribute to knowledge

Essays

Structured arguments exploring a topic, question, or issue in multiple manners.

Persuasive, descriptive, narrative, expository

Research Papers

Detailed studies that present findings

Report

A written account of an event or observation

Thesis

In-depth research projects done using pre-existing research.

Dissertation

In-depth research projects done using newly gained research.

Reviews

A critical analysis of pieces of media, or studies in a certain field.

Conference Papers

Papers made to be presented in a conference.

Monographs

Detailed work on a specialized or singular topic.

Edited Volumes

A collection of chapters or essays created by the author.

Formality

A precise means of formulating academic texts to create a legitimate academic paper.

Expanded Modal Form

Using the expanded forms of contracted words.

One Verb Forms

Using the singular verb form rather than the double verb form of a word.

Expanded Terms

Using the non-abbreviated word, or phrase.

Colloquial, Trite, Idiomatic Terms

The avoidance of informal phrasing, overdone statements, and figurative speech.

Explicitness

The usage of clear and direct phrasing, or tone that leaves no room for ambiguity.

Caution

Avoidance of sweeping, or generalizing terms.

Structure

The way in which a text is constructed to show sophistication.

It uses Nominalization (turning verbs into nouns) and Passivation (highlighting the action, rather than the person doing the act).

Plagiarism

A form of writing fraud in academic spaces.

Word-from-Word originating from sources

Directly taking words and phrases from a source without proper credits (i.e. quotation marks, citations).

World-for-Word originating from the text

When the entire text is stolen and passed off as original work.

Patchwork/Patchwriting

When multiple works are essentially “stitched together” to form a new piece of work.

Work Substitution

When certain parts of the work are altered to be passed off as an original.

Accidental Plagiarism

Most commonly done by students.

• Unintentional omission of sources.

• Poor paraphrasing.

• Unintentional omission of quotation marks.

• Incorrect citation.

• Unintentional omission of citation.

Citation

When sources are credited within an original work, whether that be ideas, pieces of media, or pre-existing work.

Author Oriented Citation

Surname (Year)

A way of in-text citation that highlights the author.

Text-Oriented Citation

[Paragraph](Surname, Year)

A way of in-text citation that highlights the work.

Direct Quotation

When a phrase is enclosed in quotation marks, with the author cited within the text.

Certain parts of the original text may be omitted and replaced with an ellipses.

Summarizing

Shortening texts while keeping the main idea of the original text intact.

Paraphrasing

A way of expressing an author’s ideas in one’s own words.

Literal Paraphrasing

Altering the vocabulary of the original phase.

Structural Paraphrasing

Altering the structure and vocabulary of the original phrase.

Alternate Paraphrasing

When an author questions the original phrase, then answers it after reading it.

Position Papers

Academic papers used to argue about a point, discuss an issue, potentially propose a solution, and convince the reader of your main argument.