Studied by 158 peoplekidney
oval w medial indeption; L is slightly larger and higher than R; retroperitoneal (to the back)
what is the kidney incased in?
fat
ptosis
dropping of kidney due to low levels of fat
hilum
medial concave notch (renal artery, renal vein, ureter)
cortex
outer
medulla
inner
ureter
28 cm; 3 layers: mucous, muscular, fibrous
peristalsis propels urine to urinary bladder
urinary bladder
behind symphysis pubis
wall of bladder
smooth muscle (detrusor)
urinary bladder is lined with?
transitional epithelium (rugae for distension)
how many openings does the urinary bladder have?
2 for ureters (posterior) 1 for urethra
functions of urinary bladder
reservoir for urine; expels urine
micturation
urination; relax ext. sphincter and contract detrusor; 250 mL = distention and desire to void; incontinence (involuntary)
renal pyramids
triangular wedges
renal papilla
face hilum ( pt of pyramid)
renal columns
cortex dips between pyramids
calyx
papilla deliver waste (cup)
renal pelvis
joining of calyces to form collection reservoir; narrow to form ureter
how much blood flows kidneys per min
1200 mL
blood vessels to kidneys
AB aorta-renal artery-interlobar artery-arcuate artery-interlobular artery-afferent arteriole-capillaries (glomerulus)-efferent arteriole-peritubular capillaries-venules-interlobular vein-arcuate vein-interlobar vein-renal vein-inferior vena cava
female urethra
3 cm; posterior to symphysis pubis and anterior to vagina
male urethra
20 cm; passes thru prostrate gland and penis
bowman’s capsule
2 layers of epithelial cells (parietal = simple squamous and visceral = filtration slits
glomerulus
network of capillaries
proximal tube
microvilli to increase surface area (cortex)
loop of henle
descends, turns, ascends (thicker wall)
juxtamedullary vs cortical
J- loop of henle dips into medulla
C- stays in cortex
distal tube
thick walls
renal corpuscle is a:
collecting duct to pyramid to papilla to calyx
reabsorption
passive and active transport
water, electrolytes, and nutrients into proximal tube (thin walls)
descending limb
thin walls; water and urea
ascending limb
thick walls
distal and collecting tube
thick walls; impermeable to water
ADH
secreted by post pituitary; more permeable in water
hypertonic urine
dark in color
hypotonic urine
light in color
tubular secretion
K, H, NH3, Na
functions of kidney
process blood plasma and excrete urine; excrete urea; regulate Na, K, Cl
filtration of kidney
water and solutes from plasma across glomerulus/bowman’s capsule
reabsorption of kidney
molecules move out of nephron and into the blood
secretion of kidney
out of blood and into nephron
filtration
physical process (renal corpuscle)
water and small molecules
urinary
kidney
integumentary
skin
respiratory
lungs
digestive
intestine
urine composition
95% water
nitrogenous waste (urea, uric acid)
electrolytes (K, Na, Cl, NI 14)
toxins
pigments, food, drugs
hormones
urochromes
yellow pigment from dead red blood cells
stones are caused by
renal calculi
gout
high levels of uric acid
dialysis
artificial kidney
glycosuria
sugar/glucose in urine
hematuria
blood in urine
incontinence
uncontrolled urination
dysuria
difficult/painful urination
pyuria
pus in urine
polyuria
lots of urine
oliguria
scant, small amounts of urine
anuria
absence of urine
retention
retaining urine in urinary bladder, kidneys work; detrusor doesn’t
suppression
no production of urine, renal failure
Note 
Flashcard (36)