american history midterm

In addition to making a plan for statehood and forbidding slavery, this document also set aside plots of land for public schools. What am I?

Northwest Ordinance

I believe that the greatest power should reside within the state governments. Who am I?

Anti-Federalist

Following the Civil War, we committed violent acts against the freedmen in order to keep them in their place. Who am I?

The KKK

This early English law influenced many later governments because it made the King obey the law. What am I?

Magna Carta

“Separate but equal” became the law of the land in this Supreme Court decision. What am I?

Plessy v Ferguson

I am the amendment that granted suffrage for black men. What am I?

15th Amendment

I believe the federal government should pass laws to protect people born in this country over the foreign-born. Who am I?

A Nativist

I am the process in which an industrialist had almost full control over one aspect of production. This enabled robber barons to maximize their profits. What am I?

Horizontal Integration

At a ratio of 16:1, Populists believed I was the key to helping farmers get out of debt. What am I?

Free Silver

I divided up reservation land and gave individual Native Americans their own plots of land to farm. After all, what could make them more American than to be a farmer? What am I?

The Dawes Act

How did Locke’s view of government differ from Hobbes?

Locke believed in a weaker, more free government where people had natural born rights and liberties while Hobbes wanted a strict government. Locke believed you could rebel but Hobbes disagreed.

Which Enlightenment philosopher introduced the idea of separation of powers? Why?

Baron de Montesquieu. He thought this because he had been in a government with full control and it wasn’t good.

Why were the Articles of Confederation written in such a way as to create a weak central government?

Because American colonies feared a strong central government after their experience with the British government. They wanted the states to have more power

What did the Magna Carta do?

It was the first major law that made kings follow the law, limiting their power.

What is a natural right?

Rights you are born with.

How did Locke's view of government differ from Hobbes?

Locke believed in a weaker, more free government with natural rights, while Hobbes wanted a strict government.

Which Enlightenment philosopher introduced the idea of separation of powers?

Baron de Montesquieu.

Why were the Articles of Confederation written to create a weak central government?

Because American colonies feared a strong central government after their experience with the British government.

How did the Northwest Ordinance influence future governance of the United States?

By promoting public education and giving new states equal footing to the original 13 states.

How did Shays' Rebellion influence the Constitutional Convention?

It showed the weaknesses in the government and provided ideas for drafting the new US constitution.

What issues caused debate at the Constitutional Convention?

The Great Compromise, whether the Constitution needed to be rewritten, and the three-fifths compromise.

What was the Federalist ideal of government?

A strong central government with weaker state powers.

What was the Anti-Federalist ideal of government?

A strong state-focused government with weaker central government powers.

How did the new Constitution strengthen Congress?

By granting the power to tax, create an army, and regulate trade.

What were the black codes?

Laws that limited the rights of African Americans so they couldn't vote.

What was the 13th Amendment?

It abolished slavery.

What was the 14th Amendment?

It granted citizenship to those born in America.

What was the 15th Amendment?

It gave voting rights to all citizens.

What was sharecropping?

A process where a landowner lent land to farmers, putting them into debt.

What did the KKK want?

To abolish African American rights.

What was the Compromise of 1877?

It affected African Americans in the South by ending Reconstruction.

How did the Homestead Act change the West?

It caused many people to settle on land previously owned by Native Americans.

What was the purpose of the Dawes Act?

To make Natives into farmers by dividing their land into individual plots.

What is the significance of Wounded Knee?

It marked the end of Native American resistance and the death of the Native American way of life.

How were the immigrants from 1880-1915 different from those from 1865-1880?

They came from Southern and Eastern Europe and faced challenges fitting in due to language and cultural differences.

What are nativists and their concerns over immigration?

Nativists believe laws should benefit people born in America and fear immigrants will steal jobs and change American culture.

Which two Asian groups did the US target to lower immigration numbers?

Japanese and Chinese immigrants.

What does it mean to live in a rural area?

A farmland area that is not densely packed.

What does it mean to live in an urban area?

An area with houses close to each other but not touching.

Why did America transition from a farming society to an industrial society?

To make more money and show societal progression, leading to job loss on farms and migration to cities.

How did the Bessemer process change construction?

It turned iron into steel, allowing for taller buildings and sturdier bridges.

How did Industrialization affect the growth of cities?

It caused cities to boom with stores and buildings, increasing demand for factory work.

Why did entrepreneurs form corporations and trusts in the Industrial Era?

To reduce competition, gain control over the industry, and increase efficiency and profitability.

What tactics did titans like Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, and Carnegie use to build their fortunes?

They used trusts, buying out competition, and various forms of integration.

What is horizontal integration?

A tactic where an entrepreneur focuses on a specific part of production and expands it.

What is vertical integration?

A tactic where someone controls every aspect of production, removing the middleman.

What were living conditions like in urban centers during the Industrial Era?

Unsanitary, overpopulated, and full of diseases, with poor food quality.

What was Jacob Riis' goal in publishing How the Other Half Lives?

To expose the living conditions of the urban poor.

Why is this period called The Gilded Age?

It was named by Mark Twain to highlight the greed, inequality, and corruption beneath a facade of wealth.

What was Social Darwinism?

A distorted application of 'Survival of the Fittest' to human society, suggesting the rich were deserving and the poor were weak.

What is collective bargaining?

Employees negotiating as a group through a union representative to gain leverage.

Define blacklisted.

When employers put people's names on lists so they will not be hired.

How was the AF of L different from the Knights of Labor?

The AF of L focused on skilled white workers and basic labor issues, while the Knights of Labor aimed to unite all workers and sought broader reforms.

What were the results of the Homestead Lockout?

Increased violence and significant damage

Which three groups did farmers believe were against them? Why?

Railroad companies, Eastern manufacturers, and bankers, due to high shipping costs, high product prices, and high interest rates.

What is 'free silver'? How did the Populists think it would help debtors?

Unlimited production of silver; it was believed to increase the money supply.

What was the overall goal of the Progressive movement?

To address problems arising from industrialization, urbanization, and political corruption.

What was a political boss/political machine?

An organization where a boss or small group controlled local governments through bribery and favors.

What did the Supreme Court rule in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

That racial segregation was permissible as long as facilities were equal.

How was President Roosevelt different from earlier presidents?

He expanded the power of the executive branch and broke up many trusts.

Why was TR called a trustbuster?

For his efforts in breaking up monopolies and trusts during his presidency.

What is imperialism?

A policy where a powerful nation extends its power into a weaker country through political or economic domination.

Why is the Monroe Doctrine (1823) important?

It established that the US was no longer free for Britain to claim.

Why did the US declare war on Spain in April 1898?

Due to sympathy for Cuba, the sinking of the USS Maine, and yellow journalism.

Which lands did the US gain from Spain after the Spanish-American War (1898)?

Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines, and Cuba.

How did the Roosevelt Corollary strengthen the Monroe Doctrine?

It marked the US as the international police power in the Western Hemisphere.

Why did the U.S. want to build the Panama Canal?

To create a shortcut for naval and commercial travel.

Why did the U.S. introduce the Open Door Policy in China?

To ensure equal access to Chinese markets for all nations.

What caused the Boxer Rebellion?

Resentment against foreign influence and Western imperialism.

What were the 4 MAIN Causes of WWI?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism.

How did Germany challenge Britain?

Through unrestricted submarine warfare.

What was the 'spark' that set off WWI?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which was connected to nationalism.

How did alliances make the Great War bigger?

They brought uninvolved countries into the conflict, escalating it.

Which countries made up the Central Powers?

The Ottoman Turks, Germany, and Austria-Hungary.

Which countries made up the Allies?

France, Great Britain, and Russia.

What were the two biggest reasons why the U.S. was pulled into WWI?

Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman Telegram.

Which new technological advances were the most effective in WWI?

Belt-fed machine guns, artillery, tanks, and mortar shells.

How did Americans support the war effort on the Home Front?

Through rationing, purchasing war bonds, and working in war-related industries.

What was the purpose of the Committee of Public Information (CPI)?

To raise support and awareness for the war.

How did the Supreme Court rule in Schenck v. United States (1919)?

That the Espionage Act was constitutional.

How did President Wilson's goals at Versailles differ from those of the European powers?

He aimed for lasting peace through cooperation and self-determination.

How did Article 10 of the Treaty of Versailles impact the United States' role in the League of Nations?

Many felt it could lead the U.S. into war without congressional consent.

How did the Flu Pandemic of 1918 alter the global population?

By killing millions of people worldwide.