Weathering Processes ODE Exam 2

Physical Weathering

The physical breakdown of rock through processes such as frost wedging, root wedging, and abrasion.

Frost Wedging

A type of physical weathering where water freezes in rock cracks, expanding and causing the rock to break apart.

Jointing

The process of rock fracturing due to the removal of pressure, leading to the formation of joints.

Root Wedging

A mechanical weathering process where plant roots grow into cracks in rocks, exerting pressure and causing breakage.

Abrasion

The wearing away of rock surfaces through friction and impact by particles transported by wind or water.

Chemical Weathering

The process by which chemical reactions break down minerals within rocks, often assisted by water.

Dissolution

A chemical weathering process where water dissolves minerals, such as limestone and rock salt.

Oxidation

A chemical weathering process where minerals react with oxygen, leading to the breakdown of iron-bearing minerals.

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction involving water that breaks down minerals, particularly silicates, into clay and ions.

Bowen's Reaction Series

A sequence that predicts the order of mineral crystallization from magma and their relative stability during weathering.

Soil Profile

The vertical section of soil that consists of different layers (horizons) that reflect different processes of soil formation.

Leaching

The process by which nutrients and minerals are removed from the soil by water moving through it.

Parent Rock

The original rock from which soil or sediment is formed through weathering and erosion.

Humus

The organic component of soil formed by the decomposition of plant and animal matter, contributing to soil fertility.

Soil Development Factors

Factors influencing soil formation including parent rock, topography, age of bedrock, climate, and biological activity.

Spheroidal Weathering

A weathering process that rounds the edges and corners of rocks, typically due to the combined effects of physical and chemical weathering.