Chemistry Fall Semester Exam

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30 Terms

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Rutherford
Discovered the nucleus with the gold foil experiment
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Bohr
planetary model of the atom
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Thomson
discovered the electron using the cathode ray tube
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Dalton
atomic theory
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Isotope
atoms of the same element that have different masses
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cation
positively charged ion
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anion
negatively charged ion
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Metals are
cations
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Nonmetals are
anions
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valence electrons
electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared
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octet
8 valence electrons (full set)
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Metals
can conduct electricity
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chemical change
substance's ability to undergo changes that transform into different substances
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physical change/property
change in the substance but not identity
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noble gases
unreactive
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How are wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic radiation related?
Inversely proportionate, λ=c/ν
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How are energy and frequency of electromagnetic radiation related?
Directly proportionate, E=hν
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How are energy and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation related?
inversely proportionate
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Law of Definite Composition
chemical compounds are composed of a fixed ratio of elements as determined by mass.
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Law of Conservation of Mass
mass is neither created nor destroyed
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Law of Multiple Proportions
if 2 compounds contain the same elements the mass of elements can be expressed as ratios of whole numbers
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octet rule
elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has 8 valence electrons in its valence shell
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Why is helium a noble gas?
because it's electron orbital is full so it's not reactive
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covalent bonds
between nometals and nonmetals ("sharing of electrons")
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ionic bonds
between metals and nonmetals ("transfer of electrons")
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metallic bonds
between metals and metals ("sea of electrons")
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what is the relationship between electronegativity and the ionic character of a chemical bond?
The greater the electronegativity difference, the greater the percent ionic character in a bond.
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What is an ionic compound?
electrons are donated from the cation to the anion
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In what forms do ionic compounds occur in?
solids at room temperature; high melting points; brittle; strong bond; usually soluble; and conducts electricity
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what are the colors in order as frequency increases?
red to violet