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What issues did Bolsheviks face when trying to consolidate power?
By 1918 what was Russia facing?
An economic collapse
Why was there not enough grain being transported into cities and for workers ?
Why was there no incentive for peasants to sell grain?
received little in return
What were workers doing to search for food and what did this lead to?
Flee cities to find food- labour shortage
What began as shortages got worse?
Food riots
How did Lenin react to economic failures?
War communism
Why did Lenin need to adopt a more centralised system of government ?
The Russian Civil war
What were the four policies of war communism ?
What could the centralised economy do?
Fund/feed civil war
Why did Lenin say terror was necessary ?
For the survival of regime
Who was the terror targeted at?
The peasantry
What was the aim of the terror?
Terrify all potentially hostile groups
How many were killed under the Cheka?
500,000
Which political parties did Lenin have arrested?
SR’s, Mensheviks and Kadets
What is the role of the Sovnarkom ?
The council of the people’s commissars formed in 191 after the October revolution
What did the 1918 Constitution claim ?
to place power in the hands of the all Russian congress of Soviets
Who was responsible for the electing of the Sovnarkom?
All Russian congress of soviets
Who was the Sovnarkom in reality chosen by?
The communist party central committee (Bolshevik leadership)
How much did the congress of soviets meet?
Infrequently
Where becomes the capital in 1918 ?
Moscow
Why did Lenin move the capital from St Petersburg?
Government was further away from advancing white armies
What were the communists worried the Tsar would become?
A figurehead for the whites during the civil war
Why was the 1919 Poltiburo created instead of Sovnarkom ?
Lenin wanted to concentrate decision making into the hands of an even smaller group of communist leaders
What was the Orgburo created to do?
Supervise local party committees and the party secretariat in order to ensure that the Poltiburo and the party secretariat were carrying out the Poltiburo decisions and policies
What two organisations was Lenin a member of?
Orgburo and Poltiburo
What did the Bolshevik’s rename themselves as?
The communist party
What did the change in name to “communist party” demonstrate/symbolise ?
Why did Lenin sideline the Petrograd Soviet?
It was dominated by other parties
What does Marxist principles say power should come from?
The people
What did Lenin want to “crush”?
Bourgeois attitudes
Who favoured a socialist coalition?
Zinoviev and Kamenev
What did Lenin say Russian people needed ?
Guidance towards communism as they weren’t ready
How many demonstrators were killed in Jan 1918 for protesting the dissolving of the constituent assembly ?
12- highlights that this was a dictatorship
What ideas did Lenin radically reform?
The ideas of Marx
In what ways did revolution not follow the path Marx said it would take?
Why did Lenin say democracy was not necessary?
The communist regime was ruling on behalf of all people and knows what is best
What did Lenin want to preserve which he used to justify his actions?
Preserving the revolution
How many Mensheviks were arrested?
5000
What shaped Lenin’s policies?
Pragmatism
What needed to happen before books, poems etc could be published?
submitted for approval
What was the Cheka renamed to in 1922?
The GPU
What led to divisions within the communist party?
What was the opposition group called that formed within the part?
The “workers opposition”
What did Lenin believe was vital if the new communist regime was to survive?
Party unity
What was the implications of the “ban on factions”?
What policy was abandoned once Bolshevik’s gained support?
How did Lenin view independence movements?
As “counter revolutionary”
Why was Lenin horrified that Stalin had brutally suppressed the independence movement in Georgia?
What was the “Nomenklatura” system?
Who controlled appoints to the Beaucracy ?
Stalin