exam 1

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the integumentary and perioperative systems, including structures, functions, disorders, phases, and associated complications.

Epidermis

The outer layer of the skin, where melanocytes produce melanin.

Dermis

The layer of skin containing blood vessels, nerves, glands, and follicles.

Subcutaneous Layer

The innermost layer of skin composed of fat and connective tissue, providing insulation and protection.

Culture & Sensitivity

A diagnostic test to identify the organism causing an infection and determine antibiotic effectiveness.

Biopsy types

Methods used to sample tissue, including Punch, Shave, and Excisional biopsy.

Herpes Simplex

A viral disorder characterized by painful vesicles, burning sensations, and recurrent outbreaks.

Herpes Zoster

A viral infection leading to unilateral vesicles in a dermatomal pattern and severe pain.

Cellulitis

A bacterial skin infection presenting as red, warm, swollen skin, often accompanied by fever.

Impetigo

A highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by honey-colored crusts.

Fungal Disorders (Tinea)

A group of skin infections such as Capitis, Corporis, Cruris, Pedis, which present with itching and scaling.

Contact Dermatitis

An inflammatory skin condition marked by erythema, itching, and vesicles following exposure to irritants.

Urticaria

A skin condition characterized by raised wheals, often caused by allergic reactions.

Angioedema

Swelling that occurs under the skin, which can be potentially life-threatening if it affects the airway.

Acne Vulgaris

A common skin condition featuring pustules and clogged follicles.

Psoriasis

An autoimmune condition leading to thick red plaques covered with silvery scales.

SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

An autoimmune disease characterized by a butterfly rash, joint pain, and photosensitivity; associated with ANA+ and Anti-dsDNA.

Pediculosis

An infestation of lice, leading to nits and itching.

Scabies

A skin infestation causing nocturnal itching and burrowing lesions.

Verruca

A benign wart caused by a viral infection.

Nevi

Moles on the skin that require monitoring for changes.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A type of skin cancer presenting as a pearly papule with a crater.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A type of skin cancer characterized by firm, scaly lesions.

Melanoma

The most deadly form of skin cancer, assessed using the ABCDE rule.

Fluid Shift

The movement of fluid often seen in burns, leading to edema and electrolyte imbalances.

Emergent Phase

The initial phase of burn management focusing on airway and shock risk.

Acute Phase

The burn phase where fluid overload risk is monitored.

Rehabilitation Phase

The stage after acute treatment focused on mobility and scar care.

Preoperative Phase

The phase that includes informed consent and checklist protocols before surgery.

Intraoperative Phase

The phase encompassing the time when the surgery is being performed.

Postoperative Phase

The phase following surgery where airway management is a priority.

Informed Consent

The process where the provider explains surgery details and the nurse witnesses patient consent.

Checklist in Preoperative Phase

Verification of allergies, fasting status (NPO), removal of items, vital signs, and skin preparation.

Atelectasis

A condition to prevent during respiratory preparation in the perioperative setting.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A cardiovascular complication involving blood clots in the deep veins, with risks for embolus.

Sedation Levels

Categories of sedation: Minimal, Moderate, Deep, and General.

General Anesthesia

A type of anesthesia that results in unconsciousness.

Regional Anesthesia

Anesthesia that results in loss of sensation in a specific area of the body.

Local Anesthesia

Anesthesia administered to a specific area, affecting only the site.

Conscious Sedation

A sedation level where consciousness is depressed but the patient remains responsive.

Postoperative Priority

Airway management is critical in the immediate postoperative phase.

Gastrointestinal (GI) Recovery

Postoperative stage where bowel sounds typically return in 3–4 days, with a risk of ileus.

Urinary Output

Postoperative measure where patients should void in 8 hours with ≥30 mL/hr output.

Mobility post-surgery

Encouraged to prevent DVT, pneumonia, and ileus after surgery.

Complications of Surgery

Potential issues include hypovolemic shock, infection, sepsis, pneumonia, atelectasis, pulmonary embolism, paralytic ileus, and DVT.