Diagnostic criteria for anxiety and fear related disorders

How are anxiety disorders & fear related disorders characterised?

• Disturbances to behaviour & excessive fear & anxiety

• Severe enough to result in significant distress or impair 1 or more areas of functioning such as; family, social, occupational, etc.

• Distinction btwn fear & anxiety is important: fear is response to perceived imminent threat in present & anxiety is is more focused un perceived anticipated threat in future.

• Also differentiated by specific stimulus that triggers four or anxiety

• For A2 we fours on GAD (generalised anxiety disorder) , agoraphobia, specific phobia BII(blood injection injury phobia)

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) - ICD-11

• characterised by marked symptoms of anxiety for the majority of days over a period of several months

• anxiety May be general feeling of apprehension or worry focused on multiple everyday events such as health, family, finances or work

• symptoms such as muscular tension, sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating or irritability may be present

• Symptoms result in significant distress or significant impairment in 1 or more important areas of functioning such as family, social or occupational.

• for diagnosis to be made symptoms must not be due to another medical condition or effect of substance/medication

Agoraphobia - ICD-11

• Characterised by excessive fear or anxiety in response to situations where escape might be hard or help unavailable such as being in crowds, using public transport or being outside of home alone

• Person is afraid of specific negative outcomes, such as panic attacks or other embarrassing symptoms in a public space

• As a result public spaces we actively avoided along with situations imagined or endured with extreme distress.

• Symptoms must persist for several months a severe enough to result in significant distress or impairment to one or more important areas of functioning such asfamily, social, occupational, etc.

Specific phobia BII(blood injectioninjury) phobia - ICD-11

• Characterised by excessive fear or anxiety occurring consistently when exposed to, or in anticipation of sight of blood injection or injury

• The anxiety a fear will be disproportionate to actual danger of phobic stimulus. The stimulus will be avoided where possible or endured with intense fear or anxiety

• symptoms persist for several months & are severe enough to result in significant distress or impairment to one or more important areas of functioning such as family, social, occupational, etc.

Describe GAD-7 (the generalised anxiety disorder 7 )

• selfreport questionnaire a screening test offer used to test if further referral to psychiatrist or counsellor

• Its 7 items & measure seventy of anxiety

• individuals are asked to provide score of 0-3(4-point scale) based on frequency of occurrence of symptoms

• tool is used by general practitioners in primary care settings eg doctors rather than specialist ( moderate anxiety, score of 10 + out of 21 will be recommended for further referral rather than given a diagnosis

Describe the blood injection phobia inventory ( BIPI )

• Way of meaning this specific phobia

• self report measure & has 18 possible situations involving blood & injections, for each situation individuals askedto evaluate reactions they might experience ; cognitive, physiological & behavioural responses, then asked to rate on scale of 0-3 (4 point scale) on frequency of each symptom

Describe the study Mas et al (2010)

• see wherever BII phobia and discriminate between those diagnosed with b BII phobia & those without

• investigate whether blood phobia was 1 dimensional construct or influenced by range of stimuli ( other medical procedures, & responses ( cognitive, biological & behavioural)

• aimed to see whether BIPI could identify a change in people with the phobia as a result of therapy

• they studied 39 participants with diagnosed BII phobia & a contro group matched on age & gender

• Participant did a FQ (fear questionnaire)

Describe results of Mas et al (2010).

• Shored BIPI had good reliability an internal consistency a good concurrent validity

• subsale of blood phobia of FQ & BIPI also clearly discriminated between those with BII phobia a without

• BIPI was found to bf a sensitive tool & sensed therapeutic improvement when participantscompleted BIPI before & after undergoing treatment for their phobia scores indicated notable reduction is seventy of phobia