Studied by 1 person
Percussive Instruments
Used in ceremonies from birth celebrations to honoring the deceased.
Music and Dance
Used historically for fieldwork coordination and inter-village messaging.
Rhythms
Patterns created by notes of various lengths.
orally
Rhythms transmitted _____ rather than written down.
Aural Tradition
Music that is taught by aurally communicating the techniques rather than written formally in a score.
Texture
The 'feel' of a surface - its qualities of fineness, coarseness, smoothness, softness, hardness, shininess etc.
Master drummer
In Aural Traditions, ________ plays a central role, leading the ensemble and performing solos.
Vocal Traditions of Africa
Includes singing, shouts, yodeling, and various vocalizations.
Yodeling
Singing that involves rapid change between falsetto and normal voice.
African Drums
Made from wood, metal, or clay; varying in size for different pitches.
pitch
Drum head tension affects _____
higher
tighter = _______ pitch
lower
larger body = ______ pitch
Beads or rattles
__________ can alter drum timbre.
Talking drum
West African instrument with drum skins on top and bottom and played with a beater.
human voice
Players can manipulate talking drum's tension cords to change pitch, mimicking ______.
cow skin
Dundun is made of _______, played on the floor with a beater stick.
Dundun
Double-headed hourglass-shaped pressure drum often used as the bass drum in ensembles.
strings
Dundun’s pitch is altered by manipulating the drum's _______.
Timelines
Played on a single bell.
Ostinato
Short repeating rhythm
Djembe, Talking drum, and Dundun.
Three core percussion instruments of Africa
Dynamics
___________ change with drum strike force.
Leader
_______ signals dynamic changes during performance.
balafons
Simple diatonic or pentatonic harmonies with vocal melodies or _______.
Polyrhythms
Each player performs a short rhythm and layers it on top of others.
rhythmic signals
Choose a leader who uses ____________ to direct dynamics and articulation.
4/4
In using percussion instruments, compose two-bar rhythms in ____ time signature and distribute parts to players.
clapping
Practice difficult rhythms by __________ with a metronome before trying on instruments.
two instruments
In composing with African Rhythmic Ideas, create a piece for ___________, starting simple and adding complexity. Incorporate African music elements like cross-rhythms, interlocking rhythms, and polyrhythms.
African
Samba is linked to ______ drumming traditions brought by enslaved Africans to Brazil.
Samba
Highly syncopated, lively Brazilian dance.
Syncopated
Offbeat rhythms.
1950s
Sambas developed in the _____ in the favelas.
Favelas
A very poor quality house in Brazil (also called a slum).
Rio de Janeiro
Samba is strongly associated with ___________'s Carnival, held annually since 1723.
six days
Carnival lasts up to ____ with over two million spectators.
apito
Signals often played on a whistle called _____
Punjab, India
Bhangra is originally a folk dance music from _________
British
Modern Bhangra is a fusion of Indian and ______ cultures.
Bhangra Music
Uses traditional Indian instruments like the dhol drum and tumbi (single-stringed instrument).
Dhol drum
double-headed barrel drum
chaal rhythm
Dhol drum plays the traditional __________.
melismatic passages
Bhangra Melodies move largely by step with ______ (many notes to one syllable).
Chaal rhythm, three-note rift, and sampling
Three suggested ideas in performing bhangra music
Maqam Modes
Found in folk music of Israel and Palestine.
Strong vocal melodies passed down through oral tradition.
Based on a system of modes or scales.
Utilizes microtones, different from Western music intervals.
irregular
Maqam modes often features ________ time signatures.
Doumbek
Similar to the African djembe and has three different tones; played with fingertips.
Wazn
Arabic rhythmic pattern; hundreds exist in different time signatures.
Maqsum
Basic Arabic rhythm.
Note 
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