Unit Exam 2 Microbiology

_________________ is/ are the product(s) of non-cyclic photophosphorylation.

ATP and NADPH

The Calvin-Benson cycle uses _____________ATP to produce 1 molecule of glucose.

18

Which nutritional type uses light as an energy source and organic compounds as a carbon source?

photoheterotrophs

Which nutritional type uses inorganic compounds as an energy source and carbon dioxide as a carbon source?

chemoautotrophs

In lipid biosynthesis, glycerol is derived from _____________________, an intermediate of glycolysis.

dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)

Which of the following terms or descriptions is not a result of or do not best describe catabolism?

releases energy to synthesize ATP

Which of the following would be found in all enzymes (holoenzymes)?

apoenzyme

Enzymes must _________________ the activation energy of chemical reactions to speed them up (increase rate).

Lower

The main difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibitors is ___________________.

how the substrate is blocked from binding to the enzyme's active site.

Hydrogen and hydroxide ions released from strong acids and strong bases, respectively, compete with _______________ bonds in enzymes to denature them.

Hydrogen and covalent

NAD+ gains electrons during __________ reactions.

reduction

Which mechanism of phosphorylation involves the electron transport chain of cellular respiration?

oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following is not a major input of glycolysis?

pyruvate

Which of the following is not a major output of glycolysis?

NAD+

Which common alternative to glycolysis in mostlyGram-negative bacteria occur in bacteria with enzymes for the reactions and produces a net gain of 1 ATP molecule for each glucose used?

Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Which of the following is not a major output of the Krebs cycle?

acetyl-CoA

_____________________________ initiate(s) the electron transport chain of aerobic (cellular) respiration by being oxidized.

NADH and FADH2

Chemiosmosis is the diffusion of hydrogen ions (H+) from the ___________  back to the ___________ in eukaryotic cells.

intermembrane space; mitochondrial matrix

The amount of ATP produced from fermentation is maximally ________ molecules.

2

Lipids are catabolized by lipase into their subunits, glycerol and fatty acids. The fatty acids can be further broken down via _______________ into acety-CoA molecules.

beta-oxidation