Bio 2.1.1

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms related to cell division, genetics, and reproduction from the lecture notes.

Mitosis

Division of the nucleus, divided into prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Cytokinesis

Division of the remainder of the cell, completing the cellular division.

Meiosis

Cell division resulting in the production of gametes (sex cells).

Binary Fission

Process by which prokaryotic cells divide.

Chromatin

DNA in eukaryotic cells stored as chromatin composed of DNA and proteins (histones).

Chromosomes

Compact structures visible during cell division, formed when chromatin folds on itself.

Cell Cycle

The life cycle of a cell, consisting of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

Sister Chromatids

Identical chromosomes formed during replication, held together at the centromeres.

Centromeres

The point at which sister chromatids are held together.

Asexual Reproduction

A single parent produces two or more new individuals via mitosis and cytokinesis.

Sexual Reproduction

Union of two specialized sex cells (gametes) to form a zygote.

Homologous Chromosomes

A pair of chromosomes similar in shape, size, and centromere position, carrying information for the same genetic traits.

Diploid

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n).

Haploid

A cell containing a single set of chromosomes (n).

Gametes

Sex cells that carry the haploid chromosome number.

Zygote

Fertilized egg that carries the diploid number of chromosomes.

Synapsis

The process where homologous chromosomes line up exactly along their lengths during Prophase I of Meiosis I.

Tetrad

A pair of homologous chromosomes lying side by side.

Crossing Over

Exchange of DNA segments between chromatids of neighboring chromosomes during prophase I.

Interkinesis

Resting phase between meiosis I and meiosis II.

Genetic Recombination

Shuffling of genetic information during meiosis, resulting in unique combinations of genes.