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Energy
the ability to do work
Thermal energy
Heat energy
Solar energy
energy from the Sun; it can be converted into other forms of energy
Electrical energy
the energy flowing in an electric circuit (source: batteries, generators)
Mechanical energy
Kinetic energy + Potential energy
Kinetic energy
the energy something has because it is moving
Potential energy
the energy something stores because of position or shape
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it moves around a lot
Generator
a machine that changes one form of energy to another, especially mechanical energy into electrical energy; produces an electric current when a coil of wire wrapped around an iron core is rotated near a magnet
Electrical circuit
the path through which electricity flows
Work
requires energy to cause movement
Joule
unit of energy or work
formula for potential energy
mass x gravity x height (mgh)
formula for kinetic energy
1/2mv^2
9.8 m/sec^2
value for gravity on earth
Kinetic energy if somehting isn't moving
Zero
E=mc^2 means that
energy and mass are related
formula for conservation of mechanical energy
In a closed system, The Potential energy + Kinetic energy at the beginning = Potential energy + Kinetic energy at the end
Comparing potential and kinetic energy
The kinetic energy can't go higher than the potential energy
If potential energy is higher than the measured kinetic energy
Some energy must have gone into overcoming friction, sound, or other paths.