Sociology 3rd tesr

social structure

how society is organized

role

the “job” pr behavior expected from someone

status

your social position

master status

the most important status you have

ascribed status

a status you’re born with

achieved status

a status you earn

status inconsistency

when your statuses don’t match

social institutopns

big systems that organize society

mechanical solidarity

society is held together by shared beliefs/traditions

organic solidarity

society is held together by people relying on each other

personal space

the invisible bubble around you

stereotypes

oversimplified ideas about a group

body language

communication without words

dramaturgy

life= like a stage and we play roles

front stage

acting for others

back stage

acting when no one’s watching

role performance

how you actually act in a role

role conflict

when 2 roles clash (like student + athelete)

Role strain

when one role is stressful

face-saving behavior

trying to avoid embarrassment

eight steps of research

steps to do a study (ask question - design - collect - analyze - conclude)

Hypothesis

a guess you can test

dependent variable

what you measure

independent variable

what you change

operational defenitions

how you define and measure stuff in a study

three averages:

mean, median mode

mean

average

median

middle valuem

mode

most common value

qualitative data

descriptions, words, feelings

quantitative date

numbers, stats, measurements

validity

study measures what it’s supposed to be

reliability

study gives consistent results

survey

asking people questions

population

everyone you’re studyign

sample

a smaller group from the population

representative sample

sample that reflects the population

participant observation

studying people by joining them

generalizability

how well results apply to othersse

secondary analysis

using someone else’s datad

document analysis

studying records, books, or media

experiment

testing cause and effect

control group

the group that doesn’t get the treatment

experimental group

the group that gets the treatment

unobtrusive measures

studying people without them knowing