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social structure
how society is organized
role
the “job” pr behavior expected from someone
status
your social position
master status
the most important status you have
ascribed status
a status you’re born with
achieved status
a status you earn
status inconsistency
when your statuses don’t match
social institutopns
big systems that organize society
mechanical solidarity
society is held together by shared beliefs/traditions
organic solidarity
society is held together by people relying on each other
personal space
the invisible bubble around you
stereotypes
oversimplified ideas about a group
body language
communication without words
dramaturgy
life= like a stage and we play roles
front stage
acting for others
back stage
acting when no one’s watching
role performance
how you actually act in a role
role conflict
when 2 roles clash (like student + athelete)
Role strain
when one role is stressful
face-saving behavior
trying to avoid embarrassment
eight steps of research
steps to do a study (ask question - design - collect - analyze - conclude)
Hypothesis
a guess you can test
dependent variable
what you measure
independent variable
what you change
operational defenitions
how you define and measure stuff in a study
three averages:
mean, median mode
mean
average
median
middle valuem
mode
most common value
qualitative data
descriptions, words, feelings
quantitative date
numbers, stats, measurements
validity
study measures what it’s supposed to be
reliability
study gives consistent results
survey
asking people questions
population
everyone you’re studyign
sample
a smaller group from the population
representative sample
sample that reflects the population
participant observation
studying people by joining them
generalizability
how well results apply to othersse
secondary analysis
using someone else’s datad
document analysis
studying records, books, or media
experiment
testing cause and effect
control group
the group that doesn’t get the treatment
experimental group
the group that gets the treatment
unobtrusive measures
studying people without them knowing