America in the Early 1800s

What was the main economic difference between the North and South in the early 1800s?

The North focused on manufacturing and industry, while the South relied on agriculture and cotton production

What invention by Eli Whitney revolutionized cotton processing?

The cotton gin.

What are interchangeable parts?

Standardized parts that can be used in place of one another, improving manufacturing efficiency.

What was the American System?

A plan to unify the nation through a national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements.

What was the significance of the Erie Canal?

It connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie, boosting trade and making New York City a dominant port.

Why did the North industrialize faster than the South?

The North had poor soil for cash crops and relied more on trade and manufacturing.

Why was slavery abolished in the North by 1804?

Economic conditions made slavery unnecessary, and political and religious opposition grew

How did the cotton gin affect slavery in the South?

It increased cotton production, which led to a higher demand for slave labor.

What was the Tariff of 1816?

A protective tariff designed to shield American manufacturers from British competition.

Who promoted the American System?

Henry Clay, who was originally a War Hawk.

What was the impact of the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812?

They disrupted foreign trade and encouraged domestic manufacturing.

What was the Missouri Compromise?

An agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining balance in Congress.

What did the Monroe Doctrine declare?

That European powers should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.

What was the Trail of Tears?

The forced relocation of Cherokee Indians to lands west of the Mississippi, resulting in thousands of deaths.

What was Jackson’s spoils system?

A practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs.

What was the nullification theory?

John C. Calhoun’s idea that states could reject federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.

What caused the Panic of 1837?

Jackson’s banking policies and the collapse of pet banks.

Why did Jackson oppose the Second Bank of the United States?

He viewed it as a tool for the wealthy elite and a threat to democracy.

What was the significance of McCulloch v. Maryland?

It strengthened federal power by ruling that states could not tax the national bank.

What was the significance of Gibbons v. Ogden?

It established that only the federal government could regulate interstate commerce.

What was the main reason for building canals in the early 1800s?

To facilitate trade and transportation.

What was the role of Henry Clay in the American System?

He proposed a plan to strengthen the economy.

What was the effect of the Missouri Compromise on sectional tensions?

It temporarily eased tensions between North and South.

What was the main cause of the Trail of Tears?

Indian Removal Act.

What was a consequence of the cotton boom?

The expansion of slavery.

What was the impact of industrialization in the North?