A&P ch 1 super detailed

These flashcards are designed to help review key concepts of anatomy and physiology, including definitions, functions, feedback mechanisms, and anatomical terminology.

Anatomy is the study of __.

the structure of the body and its parts.

__ is the study of the function of the body and its parts.

Physiology

Anatomy is the study of large, visible structures.

Gross

__ Anatomy studies structures that need magnification to be seen.

Microscopic

Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a __ internal environment.

stable

Negative Feedback __ changes to return to a set point.

counteracts

Positive Feedback __ changes, used in processes that need to be pushed to completion.

enhances

The six levels of organization in the body are: chemical, cellular, __, organ, organ system, and organism.

tissue

The __ level is when molecules form organelles, which are the basic units of cells.

cellular

Groups of similar cells performing specific functions are called __.

tissues

An organ consists of two or more types of __ working together.

tissues

The __ level includes groups of organs that perform specific functions.

organ system

__ refers to the highest level of organization, where all organ systems work together.

Organism

_ is essential for survival; imbalance can lead to illness or death.

Homeostasis

The chemical level includes __, the smallest stable units of matter.

atoms

Cells contain __, which have specific functions within the cell.

organelles

The four primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, __, and nervous.

muscle

Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and __ cavities.

lines

Muscle tissue is responsible for __ movement.

producing

Nervous tissue transmits __ impulses.

nerve

The cardiovascular system includes the heart and __.

blood vessels

The ventral body cavity houses __ organs.

internal

Serous membranes cover the __ body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs.

ventral

The __ cavity protects the nervous system.

dorsal

Body cavities allow organs to change and as they function.

shape; size

Receptors in homeostasis detect __ in the environment.

changes

The control center receives information from the receptor and sends commands to the __.

effector

The __ layer of serosa lines internal body walls.

parietal

The __ serosa covers the internal organs.

visceral

Negative feedback minimizes change and helps maintain __.

stability

Positive feedback mechanisms are often involved in processes that need to be pushed to __.

completion

Homeostatic mechanisms include autoregulation and __ regulation.

extrinsic

The __ plane divides the body into right and left parts.

sagittal

The anatomical position is a standard reference position where the body is standing upright and facing __.

forward

Body regions include the axial region and the __ region.

appendicular

Superior means __ toward the head.

upward/

__ means away from the head.

Inferior

Medial refers to being __ the midline of the body.

toward.

__ means farthest from the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

Distal

__ means toward or at the body surface.

Superficial

The ventral body cavity contains the __ cavity, which houses the heart and lungs.

thoracic

The mediastinum contains the __ cavity, which encases the heart.

pericardial

__ refers to the process of regulating body temperature.

Thermoregulation

The __ level includes groups of organs that work together to perform specific functions.

organ system

The _ system includes organs such as the stomach and intestines.

digestive

The _ system includes the kidneys and bladder.

urinary

Pathology is the study of __.

disease

Homeostasis involves the responses of the and systems.

nervous; endocrine

The __ layer of serous membranes helps to lubricate the movement of organs.

serous fluid

Blood glucose regulation is an example of __ regulation.

homeostatic

A __ is a group of similar cells working together to perform specific functions.

tissue

Cardiac muscle tissue forms the __ wall.

heart

Homeostasis is typically maintained through __ mechanisms.

feedback

The anatomical position is used to provide a standard reference for __.

describing locations.

The __ system includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

nervous

The skeletal muscle system is responsible for and .

support; movement.

The __ system regulates body temperature and provides sensory information.

integumentary

Blood flow to muscles is increased during __.

exercise

Anatomy and physiology are _ integrated; structure determines function.

closely

Tissue types in the human body include epithelial, connective, muscle, and __.

nervous.

The smallest living units in the body are __.

cells

__ is critical for communication in medical settings.

Medical terminology

The prefix __ means fast, as in tachycardia.

tachy

The suffix __ means inflammation, as in gastritis.

-itis

Understanding medical terminology helps avoid __ in healthcare.

miscommunication

The ventral body cavity enables organs to change shape and size as they __.

function.

Homeostasis can fail due to environmental changes leading to __.

illness or death.

True or False: Positive feedback mechanisms stabilize homeostasis.

False.

True or False: The elbow is distal to the wrist.

False.

True or False: The brain is located in the cranial cavity.

True.