Pop Art and Minimalism

reaction

Pop art and minimalism are thought of as a ____ to modernism

questioned, formalist

Pop art and minimalism ______ the ____ attitudes of modernism = the Greenberg idea of making art about art

1960s

A revolutionary decade in politics, society, and art

abstract expressionism

Hailed as the great avant garde movement of the 40s and 50s, seen as the logical culmination of an avant garde procession

story, connected

Up until the 60s, the ___ of modern art had been considered a coherent narrative, with each style well ____ to others

collapse

One of the problems that modernism began to encounter by the beginning of the 1960s was this _____ in avant grade thinking

centrality, dominant

Up until the 60s, most of the modern art, avant garde groups claimed a ____ - that they were the ____ movement and latest incarnation of avant garde

plurality

In the 60s, there’s now a ____ of different movements happening at the same time, all different approaches to art

shotgun

Instead of a central artistic movement, there’s now a ___ approach to avant garde, so no movement can claim to be the best/dominant

postmodern, right

With “____” art (art term), there is no longer a “____” way to approach art

pop art

One of the first movements to break away from modernism

mocked, truth

Pop art ___ and questioned this notion of the unique, genius modern art with its claims of being in touch with a higher, visionary ____

pure truth

In the story of Modern Art, these artists and movements all claimed they were in touch with “____” - concept of artist purity, art about art

truth, meaning

It was believed that if you got art down to its most essential, basic elements, you’d have access to this larger ___, and your art would have ______

mass media

Rather than aiming for a visionary truth, pop art turns to ____ (2 words) [consumerism]

Independent Group

One of the earliest examples of pop artists. From 1952

Institute of Contemporary Art

Independent Group artists broke away from the ______ (4 words: BLANK of BLANK) in London and started making pop art works

Just What Makes Today’s Homes so Different, so Appealing?

Collage by Richard Hamilton. Photo montage with various advertising images (posed as question, 7 words, 2 words)

Richard Hamilton

A member of Independent Group. Something of an expert on Duchamp’s work, with his work representing a revival of the Dadaist attitude toward artmakiing

readymades

Duchamp’s use of “found objects” in his works. Frequently referenced by pop artists in their use of commercial images in their works

first wave

Hamilton and the Independent Group represent ____ (2 words) pop art

debatable

Though considered first wave, it’s ______ how much Hamilton and Independent Group are tied into the eventual American pop art scene

kitsch

One of the ideas that appealed to these pop artists. Art as this: everyday, pop culture elements like ads and comic books

alarming, appropriate

Pop art was very ___ to many art critics, since they were questioning what ___ subject matter is for high art

parody, blur

Instead of holding a privileged view of art as being about itself or history, pop artists’ works functioned as a ____ (starts with P) of those claims, taking the visual power of popular culture to __ the lines between “high art” and “low art”

inundation

The aesthetic of pop culture images take advantage of their resonance and power through their ______

Roy Lichtenstein

One of the most famous pop artists in America known for his use of comics

practical

The changes Lichtenstein employed from the comics he copied were ___ rather than aesthetic, adjusting the images to a larger scale through alteration of color, size, scale, or positioning

tension, dramatic

In Lichtenstein’s work is this ___ (T_) between reality and the idealized world of the comic strip, taking ____ moments and blowing them up

size

The sheer __ of paintings and the materials of it make them important: an idea going back to Romanticism, as well as their context in an art gallery

unimportant, size, location

Through recreating them on a large canvas, Lichtenstein took the style of something considered ____ (in the 60s) and experimenting with the idea that it has more meaning automatically through its ___ and ______

Neo-Dada

Pop art’s use of everyday items and giving them the power of high/fine art is a very Dadaist, Duchampian move, making it understood as this (2 words)

Andy Warhol

The big name in pop art, known best for his silk screen photo processings of repeated images

illustrator

What Andy Warhol began his career as, doing advertisements and art for cookbooks

Amy Vanderbilt

Warhol did the illustration for a cookbook by ____ (person) before he was well-known

Brillo Box

Piece by Warhol made of paint and wood, a recreation of a Brillo box

Campbell’s Soup Can

Famous piece by Warhol, oil on canvas painting of a soup can

everyday items

Warhol’s use of ______ (2 words) is a very Duchampian move

readymade, machine, factory

Warhol was very interested in repeating a ____ object/image over an over, wanting to work “like a _____” and famously called his studio “the ____”

pop culture

Warhol liked this idea of churning out _____ (2 words) images

Green Coca-Cola Bottles

A silk screen photo processing of coke bottles by Warhol

Marilyn Diptych

A silk screen photo processing of Marilyn Monroe in different colors

celebrities

Warhol was known for his images of products as well as _____

interesting

Of pop art, a famous critic noted that we finally had an art form more ____ to talk about than it is to look at

ideas

What makes pop art - particularly Warhol’s pieces - interesting is the ___ it provokes rather than any sort of interest in the image itself

reflecting

When images are ripped out of pop culture and put into works, like in Warhol’s pieces, we start _____ on them and what they may mean: questions we wouldn’t otherwise ask of these images that we’re otherwise passive toward

high art

By elevating pop culture images like soup cans and celebrities to the status of ____, (2 words) Warhol has given us the opportunity to examine the images critically

Marilyn Monroe

The notion of ___, as well as celebrities in general, was a construct, a personality. An edifice - an artificial construct of a person

line

The idea of where the ___ is between the celebrity/character and person was a very appealing idea to Warhol - as well as us today

high, low

Warhol’s work brings up ideas of ____ and___ culture (opinions)

churning, character

It’s unclear whether deeper questions were what Warhol was after or if he was simply ____ it out, as Warhol himself was a _____

sophisticated

Warhol’s status as a character makes it complicated as to why we see him as a ____ artist

Target with Plaster Casts

Piece by Jasper Johns and an example of a pop art assemblage

Duchamp, readymade

Jasper Johns was very much influenced by ____ with his use of _____ symbols

assemblages

What Jasper Johns’s works are referred to - a combination of mediums as well as everyday items mixed together with encaustic

encaustic

Very ancient technique of painting with melted wax. Employed by Jasper Johns, giving all of his work an odd texture and identifiable, waxy look

Do it Yourself

Piece by Jasper Johns, a complete Duchampian move. A re-visitation to his piece, Target with Plaster Casts

signed

In the same manner as Duchamp, Jasper Johns Do it Yourself piece is presented as something the audience can participate in and is ____ by himself.

mixed, trompe l’oeil

Jasper Johns’s Do it Yourself piece is ____ media using a _____ effect for the paint and paintbrushes

Three Flags

Piece by Jasper Johns, American flags stacked on top of each other

abstraction, representation

Jasper Johns was particularly interested in this tension between ____ and ______

identifiable, universe

Jasper Johns’s Three Flags piece is representational in that it has an ____ subject, but it’s representing an abstraction with a _____ of meanings to it

Rauschenberg

Artist that is probably closer to being Neo-Dada than pop. Heavily indebted to Duchamp

Monogram

Combine painting by Rauschenberg, a painted collage on the ground with a goat on top surrounded by a tire

Combine Paintings

What Rauschenberg called most of his works. Assemblages of disparate elements with very little if any unifying theme to them

mocking

Rauschenberg’s combine paintings lacked reason, not made to make sense. Definitely absurd and deliberately ______

meaning

Rauschenberg subverts the expectation that artworks have _____, using jarring, incompatible elements that don’t allow the viewer to get engrossed

Canyon

Another Combine Painting by Rauschenberg, laden with signposts that might suggest meaning, such as a bird, a weight, or an image of what seemed to be a kid - however, these never resolve in a concrete meaning

Primary Structures Show

April 1966 is considered the beginning of minimalism with the exhibition called the ______ (3 words) in the Jewish Museum, featuring various minimalist artists

Minimalism

Term first used around 1968, but the movement of its namesake existed for a couple years prior before it was named this

feelings, philosophical

Minimalism is not interested in expressing human _____ or creating sensual objects, instead focusing on asking big ____ questions about art

ugly

Minimalism deliberately avoided elegance and was deliberately raw, big, and “___”

unattractive, traditional

Minimalism wanted their art to be ____ to collectors, only displaying their works in big, public spaces. They didn’t want it to be part of the ____ art market

democratic impulse

Of minimalism - minimalists wanted their works to be seen/experienced by as many people as possible

transcendent

Minimalist Robert Morris was quoted to have wanted to get rid of ____ art

historical narrative, spirituality

Many minimalist artists readily pointed out that they loathed modernist art ideas, such as the idea of art being a “______” (2 words) about _____

concrete art

What minimalists wanted to make - named from their use of concrete as well as the fact that their art was grounded

same space

There’s an undeniable physicality to minimalism - it occupies the ____ (2 words) as the viewer

Untitled

A lot of minimalist works have titles like “_____” or very simple descriptions of the piece, flat and deliberately empty

inherent

With minimalist works, meaning is not ____ to the work itself. It’s deliberately minimal and lacks meaning

experience

The meaning to the minimalist object came through the viewer’s ____ with that object

intellectualism

Minimalist artists were very interested in ______ (i), despite the simplicity of the pieces

Marice Merleau-Ponty

French philosopher whom minimalists took great inspiration from. Ideas of phenomenology

phenomenology

Similar to Merleau-Ponty’s beliefs. Philosophical model in which you don’t consider the object but your consciousness of the object

embodied consciousness

An idea Merleau-Ponty was very interested in. The belief that the only way we can understand the world is through our physical existence in said world - there is no way to engage with the world on a solely intellectual level, because we’re always physically present

bodies, mirrored

Minimalists had their objects occupy real, physical, 3D spaces where the viewer could have interactions with them through their ___. Not just looking at them but moving around them, with the objects often being ____

objects

Following Merleau-Ponty and embodied consciousness, minimalists make the jump and conclude that the only reason ____ have any meaning is through their bodies’ interactions with them

intellectual, difficult, minimalism

Although movements like Cubism or abstract expressionism have the reputation of being ____ and _____, that is not the point of those movements - for _____, that IS the point

same

Minimalism is meant to be deep and philosophical, assuming viewers have the ____ intellectual background as the artists