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Why did Great Britain and France align themselves with the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War?
They opposed Russian expansion in the eastern Mediterranean where they had naval and commercial interests.
Who were the Young Turks?
a group of reformist officers who wanted to modernize the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire's constitution of 1876 ________.
called for a parliament
The Hatt-i Sharif of Gülhane ________.
extended civic equality to all Ottoman subjects regardless of their religion
The Italian peninsula was transformed into a nation-state under a constitutional monarchy by ________.
1860
Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi ________.
conducted guerrilla warfare in their attempts to establish an Italian republic
The Paris Commune was composed of ________.
radicals and socialists
Which of these ruled the French Second Empire?
Napoleon III
Following the January Insurrection of 1863, ________ was treated as merely another Russian province.
Poland
The leader of Ireland's movement for home rule in the late 1800s was ________.
Charles Stewart Parnell
The Crimean War was rooted in the ________.
long-standing desire of Russia to extend its influence over the Ottoman Empire
For the first twenty-five years after the Crimean War, European affairs were ________.
unstable as fears of revolutions declined and the great powers had less reverence for the Vienna settlement
Which of these describes the military operations of the Crimean War?
All of the troops were inept, ill-equipped, and poorly commanded.
Which element of nineteenth-century European order was destroyed by the Crimean War?
the Concert of Europe
In 1866, Venetia was added to Italy in exchange for ________.
Italy's alliance with Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War
Prussia excluded Austria from German affairs by ________.
defeating Austria in the Seven Weeks' War
Emperor Francis Joseph's scheme for centralized administration of the Habsburg Empire meant that the government was dominated by ________.
German-speaking Austrians
Which of the following groups would have supported the Ausgleich of 1867?
Hungarians
The Russian government responded to radical revolutionary groups that emerged in the late 1800s by ________.
increasing repression
Gladstone's ministry of 1868 to 1874 witnessed the culmination of ________.
classical British liberalism
Ireland played the same role in British politics that ________did in Habsburg politics.
Hungary
Reforms in the Ottoman Empire were, in general, _______.
westernizing
The most important political development in Europe between 1848 and 1914 was ________.
German unification
Which of the following statements about Napoleon III is true?
Napoleon III died in exile in 1873.
One of the main destinations in Africa for many Europeans was ________.
South Africa
What labor-related term was coined in the latter half of the nineteenth century?
unemployment
The first major public power plant in Europe was constructed in ________.
Great Britain
Small shop owners considered which of the following a threat?
department stores
Which of the following was considered a white-collar worker?
lower-level government bureaucrat
Who did Napoleon III appoint to redesign Paris, with a partial goal of widening the streets to make for an easier response to insurrections?
Baron Georges Haussmann
By 1910, which European city had the highest population?
London
In the nineteenth century, cholera struck ________.
all classes
The name given to the practice by Russian police and right-wing groups of conducting riots against the Jews was ________.
pogrom
Anti-Semitism was strongest under ________ rule in the late 1800s.
Russian
Count Sergei Witte ________.
worked to industrialize Russia
What was a key contributory factor to the migration of Europeans in the 1800s?
the emancipation of peasants
The Second Industrial Revolution was associated with ________.
steel, chemicals, and electricity
Middle-class reformers targeted which of the following issues as an impediment to a healthy and politically stable population?
housing conditions
Progress in Europe that enabled married women to own property came first in ________.
Great Britain
One of the two major developments affecting the economic lives of women during the Second Industrial Revolution was _______.
a large expansion in the variety of available jobs
The International Working Men's Association, known as the First International, ________.
was short-lived but had a profound impact on socialist efforts in Europe
Which of the following is considered a strong trigger for the Russian Revolution of 1905?
the Bloody Sunday shootings
Bismarck attempted to persuade German workers to oppose socialism by ________.
implementing programs that offered a paternalistic alternative to socialism
In What Is to Be Done?, Vladimir Lenin argued for implementation of ________.
a modified version of Marx's socialist revolution
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