Lesson 3 - Content and Contextual Analysis of Primary Sources

External Criticism

This involves questioning if a document or piece of evidence is real or fake.

Internal Criticism

This involves questioning if a document is truthful, accurate, and within its correct time and place.

Juan Luna

A Filipino painter from 1857 to 1899. He focused on patriotism and struggle in his art. He lived during the Spanish colonial period and was part of the Propaganda Movement.

Fernando Amorsolo

A Filipino painter from 1892 to 1972. He focused on rural life and Filipino traditions in his art. He painted during the American colonial period and after independence.

Fray Juan de Plasencia

A Spanish Franciscan friar. He wrote "Customs of the Tagalogs" in 1589 to report Tagalog customs to the Spanish Crown.

Customs of the Tagalogs

A document written in 1589 by Fray Juan de Plasencia. It describes the social classes, laws, religious beliefs, and customs of the Tagalog people. It is one of the first detailed records of pre

Emilio Jacinto

The author of "Kartilya ng Katipunan" in 1896. He created it as a guide for new members of the Katipunan.

Kartilya ng Katipunan

A guidebook written in 1896 by Emilio Jacinto for the Katipunan. It contains 13 teachings about good behavior, fairness, and love for the country.

Raiders of the Sulu Sea

A documentary exploring the life and power of the Moro raiders from the 16th to 19th centuries. It focuses on the Tausug, Samal, and Iranun people. It also shows their resistance against Spanish colonization.

Moro Raiders

Seafaring groups, mainly Tausug, Samal, and Iranun people, from the 16th to 19th centuries. They controlled sea routes, traded, and resisted Spanish rule.

Emilio Aguinaldo

He wrote "Gunita ng Himagsikan" (Memoirs of the Revolution) in 1964. He was a leader in the Philippine Revolution.

Gunita ng Himagsikan

A memoir written by Emilio Aguinaldo in 1964. It tells his story of the Philippine Revolution against Spain and the start of the First Republic. It also details the Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898.

Philippine Independence

Declared on June 12, 1898, in Kawit, Cavite. The first Philippine flag was raised, and the national anthem was played. It symbolizes the country's freedom and self