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Nanomaterials

Materials with at least one external dimension in the nanoscale (1-100 nm).

Nanoscale

Size range from approximately 1 to 100 nanometers.

Chemical Reduction

Method for synthesizing nanoparticles by slowly reducing metal salts in solution.

Sol-Gel Method

Widely used method for synthesizing metal oxide nanoparticles involving hydrolysis and polycondensation.

Three-Dimensional Nanomaterials (3-D)

Nanomaterials not confined to the nanoscale in any dimension.

Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials (2-D)

Nanomaterials with two dimensions outside the nanoscale, exhibiting plate-like shapes.

One-Dimensional Nanomaterials (1-D)

Nanomaterials with one dimension outside the nanoscale, such as nanowires and nanotubes.

Zero-Dimensional Nanomaterials (0-D)

Nanomaterials where all dimensions are within the nanoscale, like quantum dots.

Fullerenes

Carbon nanomaterials arranged in hollow spheres, tubes, or closed shapes.

Graphene

Sheet-like carbon nanomaterial in one layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice.

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)

Cylindrical molecules made of carbon atoms exhibiting unique mechanical and electrical properties.

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)

Carbon nanotubes consisting of multiple concentric graphene cylinders.

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs)

Carbon nanotubes formed from a single layer of graphene rolled into a cylinder.

Chirality

Property that defines how carbon nanotubes can have different configurations (armchair, zigzag, chiral).

Armchair Nanotubes

A type of carbon nanotube with a structure that provides excellent electrical conductivity.

Zigzag Nanotubes

A type of carbon nanotube that can be metallic or semiconducting depending on its configuration.

Chiral Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes with a structure that combines zigzag and armchair patterns.

Nanocomposites

Multiphasic materials composed of two or more dissimilar components with specific properties.

Biological Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials derived from natural sources such as proteins and polysaccharides.

Polymeric Nanomaterials

Nanosized polymers including polymer nanoparticles and dendrimers.

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles made from metal oxides synthesized using sol-gel methods.

Quantum Dots

Semiconductor nanoparticles that have quantum confinement effects in their applications.

Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs)

Nanoscale carbon particles that exhibit strong photoluminescence and tunable optical properties.

Electrical Conductivity of Graphene

Graphene exhibits high electrical conductivity due to the free movement of electrons.

Application of Nanomaterials in Medicine

Used for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensing due to biocompatibility.

Surface Functionalization of CQDs

Process of modifying CQDs' surface with various atoms to enhance properties.

Photovoltaics

Use of nanomaterials in solar cells to enhance efficiency and performance.

Electrical Conductors

Materials that allow the flow of electrical current, such as metallic nanoparticles.

Tissue Engineering Applications

Use of polymeric and biological nanomaterials to support tissue regeneration.

Nanofibers

One-dimensional nanomaterials with applications in filtration and drug delivery.

Nanofilms

Two-dimensional nanomaterials used for coatings and protective layers.

Hydrolysis

Chemical reaction involving the breakdown of a compound by water, used in sol-gel synthesis.

Condensation

The process in the sol-gel method where sol transforms into a gel through the joining of particles.

Buckyball (C60)

The most common fullerene, resembling a soccer ball, consisting of 60 carbon atoms.

Delocalized Electrons in Fullerenes

Electrons that are free to move across the structure, contributing to conductivity.

Stiffness of Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes are known for their exceptional mechanical stiffness.

Spherical Carbon Nanomaterials

Form of carbon nanomaterials, often referred to as fullerenes.

Application of Gold Nanoparticles

Used in sensors, photovoltaics, and therapeutic agents.

Application of Silver Nanoparticles

Utilized in antimicrobial applications and electronics.

Application of Zinc Oxide Nanowires

Used in dye-sensitized solar cells.

Application of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

Applied in photocatalysis for water splitting.

Supercapacitors

Energy storage devices that utilize nanomaterials to increase efficiency.

Mechanical Stability of MWCNTs

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes exhibit enhanced mechanical stability compared to single-walled.

Electrode Materials

Nanomaterials form the basis for advanced performance in energy storage devices.

Biocompatibility

The property that allows nanomaterials to be compatible with biological systems.

Applications of Graphene

Used in flexible electronics, transistors, and energy storage systems due to its properties.

Dendrimers

Polymeric nanomaterials structured like tree branches, used for drug delivery and pH sensing.

Chemical Stability of Fullerenes

Fullerenes are stable but can react under specific conditions.