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Macronutrients

Nutrients needed in large amounts for growth, repair, and energy provision in the body.

Indispensable amino acids

Amino acids that cannot be made in the body and must be obtained through diet.

HBV (High Biological Value) proteins

Proteins that contain all indispensable amino acids.

LBV (Low Biological Value) proteins

Proteins that can be combined to create a complete protein.

Essential Fatty Acids (EFA)

Fats that must be obtained from food, essential in reducing cardiovascular disease risk.

Insoluble fiber

Dietary fiber that assists digestion and prevents constipation.

Soluble fiber

Dietary fiber that helps regulate blood sugar levels and lower cholesterol.

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins that are stored in the body's fatty tissue (e.g., Vitamins A, D, E, K).

Water-soluble vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in water and are not stored in the body (e.g., Vitamin C and B-complex vitamins).

Vitamin A

Essential for healthy eyesight, skin, growth, and immune system performance.

Calcium

Mineral needed for the maintenance of bones, nerve function, and muscle function.

Sodium

Mineral that helps balance body fluids and maintain nerve function.

Antioxidants

Substances that reduce the effects of oxidation in the body.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

The amount of energy the body needs at rest to maintain basic physiological functions.

Dietary guidelines

Recommendations for food intake focusing on nutrition and energy balance for health.

Sugars

Carbohydrates that are absorbed quickly and can raise blood sugar levels rapidly.

Starches

Complex carbohydrates that take longer to digest and provide sustained energy.

Vitamin C

Essential for normal blood vessel function, iron absorption, and tissue development.

Energy balance

The relationship between energy intake and energy expenditure.