Alcohol and related compounds

• Ethyl alcohol

• Rubbing alcohol

• Isopropyl alcohol

• Azeotropic Isopropyl alcohol

• Dehydrated alcohol

• Diluted alcohol

• Glycerin

• Ethylene oxide

• Carboxide

• Aldehyde

• Formaldehyde solution

• Glutaraldehyde

• Commercial Glutaraldehyde

Enumerate the alcohol and related compounds

• Ethanol

• Rectified spirit

• Wine spirit

• Grain alcohol

• Spiritus vini rectificatus

Synonyms of ethyl alcohol

95%

commercial ethanol contains how much percent

78.2 C

the concentration of commercial alcohol forms an azeotrope with water that distills at _____

• Grain fermentation

• Synthetically prepared by the sulfuric acid-catalyzed hydration of ethene

Method of preparation of ethyl alcohol

sulfuric acid-catalyzed hydration

Ethanol can be synthetically prepared by the _______ of ethene

Oxidations

Alcohol is metabolized in the human body by a series of ?

Acetaldehyde

type of ethyl alcohol for nausea, vomiting, and vasodilatory flushing.

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

type of ethyl alcohol that blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase, allowing acetaldehyde to accumulate

pores

Ethanol is ineffective against?

• Solvent

• Fuel

• CNS depressant

• Antipyretic (25%)

• Germicidal (60-90%)

• Disinfectant (70%)

common uses of ethanol

• Injection near nerves and ganglia to alleviate pain

• has low narcotic potency

Medicinal uses of ethanol

• Mild sedative

• A weak vasodilator

• Carminative

Internal use (diluted form) of ethanol is used as ?

• Spirits

• Tinctures

• Fluidextracts

Pharmaceutical uses of ethanol

Spirits

Ethanol as the sole solvent

Tinctures

Hydroalcoholic mixtures

Fluidextracts

Alcohol as a cosolvent

Denatured alcohol

intoxicating beverages • unfit for human use • in alc lamps

• Wood alcohol

• Acetone

• Benzene

Denaturants of denatured alcohol

Rubbing alcohol

(CH#CHOHCH3) - 2 propanol

• Astringet

• Rubefacient

• Mild local anesthetic

68-72%

Rubbing alcohol contains ___ isopropyl alcohol

Sulfuric Acid—catalyzed Hydration of Propylene

Preparation of rubbing alcohol

Isopropyl alcohol

disinfectant for the skin and for surgical instruments.

50-95%

Isopropyl alcohol is used as bactericidal in what percentages

40% iso - 60% EtOH

ratio of percentage where isopropyl and ethanol are equal

Azeotropic isopropyl alcohol

used on gauze pads for sterilization of the skin prior to hypodermic injections.

Dehydrated alcohol

Absolute alcohol

99%

percentage of NLT is ___ w/w EtOH of dehydrated alcohol

Azeotropic distillation of EtOH and benzene

Preparation of Dehydrated alcohol

Diluted alcohol

mixture of alcohol and water containing 41-42% by weight

41-42%

Diluted alcohol is the mixture of alcohol and water containing ____ by weight

Glycerin

• 1,2,3- propanetriol

• The first polyhydric alcohol which can yield both an aldose and ketose

Solvent and humectant

Uses of Glycerin

• aldose

• ketose

The first polyhydric alcohol which can yield both an ____ and ____

Ethylene oxide (C2H40)

• gas sterilant

• Used for temperaturesensitive medical equipment

• forms explosive mixtures in air in concentrations ranging from 3 to 80%

3-80%

Ethylene oxide forms explosive mixtures in air in concentrations rangin from ___ to ____

10% ethylene oxide + 90% carbon dioxide by volume

Composition of carboxide

Carboxide

without danger of explosion

• Formaldehyde solution

• Glutaraldehyde

• Commercial Glutaraldehyde

Aldehyde derivatives

• Formol

• Formalin

• Methanal

Formaldehyde solution synonyms

• Irritating to mucous membrane

• Causes hardening

• Disinfect rooms, clothing and surgical equipments

Formaldehyde solution characteristics

37%

NLT percentage of formaldehyde

Methanol

What is added to prevent polymerization of formaldehyde solution?

Glutaraldehyde

- is a disinfectant superior to formaldehyde, microbial activity against all microorganism, including spored and virus

• Glutarol (cidex)

• Pentanedial

Synonyms of Glutaraldehyde

Glutaraldehyde

solution for sterilization of equipment and instrument that cannot be autoclaved

Commercial Glutaraldehyde

• stabilized in alkaline solution

• the preparation actually consists of two components (glutaraldehyde and buffer)

• activated solution contains 2% glutaraldehyde buffered at pH 7.5 to 8

• retain over 80% of the original activity 30 days after preparation

• 2%

• 7.5 to 8

activated solution of commercial glutaraldehyde contains ___ glutaraldehyde buffered at pH ____ to ____

• 80%

• 30

commercial glutaraldehyde retains over ___ of the original activity ____ days after preparation