STA3024 Test 3 - Matching Section Study Guide

40 extra practice questions for final exam

Can we predict exam performance based on hours studied and sleep duration the night before the test?
A. Simple Linear Regression
B. One-way ANOVA
C. Multiple Regression
D. Two-sample t-test

Correct Answer: C. Multiple Regression
Explanation: There are two continuous predictors (hours studied and sleep) and one continuous outcome (exam performance). Multiple regression is appropriate for modeling the combined effect of multiple independent variables.

Do average cholesterol levels differ among people who are sedentary, moderately active, or highly active?
A. Kruskal-Wallis Test
B. One-way ANOVA
C. Paired t-test
D. Logistic Regression

Correct Answer: B. One-way ANOVA
Explanation: You are comparing the mean of a continuous variable (cholesterol) across three independent groups. One-way ANOVA is ideal for this scenario when the data is normally distributed.

Is there a relationship between marital status (single, married, divorced) and preference for political party (Democrat, Republican, Independent)?
A. Two-way ANOVA
B. Contingency Table
C. Simple Linear Regression
D. One sample t-test

Correct Answer: B. Contingency Table
Explanation: Both variables are categorical. A contingency table helps visualize and analyze the relationship between two categorical variables, typically followed by a Chi-square test.

Does job satisfaction differ based on both department (HR, Engineering, Marketing) and employment status (full-time or part-time)?
A. One-way ANOVA
B. Logistic Regression
C. Two-way ANOVA
D. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test

Correct Answer: C. Two-way ANOVA
Explanation: Two categorical independent variables (department and employment status) and one continuous dependent variable (job satisfaction). This is a textbook case for Two-way ANOVA.

Is there a difference in blood pressure before and after a mindfulness meditation session?
A. Paired t-test
B. One-way ANOVA
C. Multiple Regression
D. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test

Correct Answer: A. Paired t-test
Explanation: The same participants are measured before and after the intervention. A paired t-test is used to analyze the difference in means from two related groups.

Does the proportion of people who prefer texting over calling differ across age groups (teenagers, adults, seniors)?
A. Logistic Regression
B. Two-way ANOVA
C. Contingency Table
D. Simple Linear Regression

Correct Answer: C. Contingency Table
Explanation: Both variables are categorical. A contingency table allows us to test whether proportions differ across the groups, often followed by a Chi-square test.

You are studying the effect of caffeine on reaction time. Participants are randomly assigned to one of three doses of caffeine, and their reaction times are recorded.
A. One-way ANOVA
B. Multiple Regression
C. Paired t-test
D. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test

Correct Answer: A. One-way ANOVA
Explanation: You’re comparing means of a continuous variable (reaction time) across three independent groups (caffeine levels). One-way ANOVA is appropriate if the data is normally distributed.

Can we predict if a person is likely to vote (yes/no) based on age and political affiliation?
A. Simple Linear Regression
B. Logistic Regression
C. One-way ANOVA
D. Kruskal-Wallis Test

Correct Answer: B. Logistic Regression
Explanation: The outcome is binary (yes/no), so logistic regression is appropriate. It can handle both continuous and categorical predictors.

Are weight measurements from two different scales significantly different when measuring the same group of individuals?
A. One sample t-test
B. Paired t-test
C. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test
D. ANOVA

Correct Answer: B. Paired t-test
Explanation: The same subjects are being measured twice (once on each scale), which means the measurements are dependent. A paired t-test is used for this scenario.

Does academic performance differ by teaching style (lecture-based vs. activity-based), and does that effect differ by gender?
A. One-way ANOVA
B. Two-way ANOVA
C. Multiple Regression
D. Wilcoxon Sign-Rank Test

Correct Answer: B. Two-way ANOVA
Explanation: You're testing the effect of two categorical independent variables (teaching style and gender) on a continuous outcome (academic performance), including interaction effects. This calls for a Two-way ANOVA.

Can student GPA be predicted using the number of hours studied per week?
A. Simple Linear Regression
B. Logistic Regression
C. One-way ANOVA
D. Kruskal-Wallis

Correct Answer: A. Simple Linear Regression
Explanation: A single continuous predictor (study hours) is being used to predict a continuous outcome (GPA), so simple linear regression is appropriate.

Does the effect of a stress management program on cortisol levels differ by gender?
A. One-way ANOVA
B. Two-way ANOVA
C. Simple Linear Regression
D. Wilcoxon Sign-Rank Test

Correct Answer: B. Two-way ANOVA
Explanation: You're comparing cortisol levels (continuous) based on two categorical variables: the program and gender, including the possibility of an interaction.

Do reading scores differ between three different school districts? The data are not normally distributed.
A. One-way ANOVA
B. Kruskal-Wallis Test
C. Two-sample t-test
D. Logistic Regression

Correct Answer: B. Kruskal-Wallis Test
Explanation: The Kruskal-Wallis test is the nonparametric equivalent of a one-way ANOVA and is used when comparing more than two groups with non-normal data.

Do average response times differ between two user interface designs (A and B)?
A. One-way ANOVA
B. Two-sample t-test
C. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test
D. Multiple Regression

Correct Answer: B. Two-sample t-test
Explanation: You're comparing means of a continuous variable (response time) between two independent groups (UI A and B). If assumptions are met, use a two-sample t-test.

A researcher wants to compare the effects of three diets (Keto, Vegan, and Mediterranean) on weight loss after 2 months, but the sample sizes are small and data are skewed.
A. One-way ANOVA
B. Wilcoxon Sign-Rank Test
C. Kruskal-Wallis Test
D. Logistic Regression

Correct Answer: C. Kruskal-Wallis Test
Explanation: You are comparing more than two independent groups with a continuous outcome (weight loss), but the data is non-normal, so use Kruskal-Wallis.

Does years of work experience and education level predict salary?
A. Simple Linear Regression
B. Two-way ANOVA
C. Multiple Regression
D. One-way ANOVA

Correct Answer: C. Multiple Regression
Explanation: You have two independent variables (work experience and education level) predicting a continuous dependent variable (salary). This requires multiple regression.

Do anxiety scores change after taking a mindfulness course? Measurements were taken before and after the course for each participant.
A. Paired t-test
B. Two-sample t-test
C. One-way ANOVA
D. Kruskal-Wallis Test

Correct Answer: A. Paired t-test
Explanation: You're comparing the same group of participants before and after an intervention. This matched design calls for a paired t-test.

Is there a difference in test scores between students who use flashcards, concept maps, or practice tests as their study method?
A. Two-sample t-test
B. One-way ANOVA
C. Simple Linear Regression
D. Contingency Table

Correct Answer: B. One-way ANOVA
Explanation: You're comparing a continuous outcome (test scores) across three independent groups. One-way ANOVA is suitable if assumptions are met.

Can we predict whether someone will donate to charity based on their income and age?
A. Simple Linear Regression
B. Logistic Regression
C. Contingency Table
D. Two-way ANOVA

Correct Answer: B. Logistic Regression
Explanation: The outcome (donate or not) is binary. Logistic regression is appropriate for modeling a categorical outcome based on one or more predictors.

Do productivity levels differ across different office environments (quiet room, open-plan, remote) and vary by employee personality (introvert or extrovert)?
A. One-way ANOVA
B. Wilcoxon Sign-Rank Test
C. Simple Linear Regression
D. Two-way ANOVA

Correct Answer: D. Two-way ANOVA
Explanation: You have two categorical independent variables and one continuous outcome. Two-way ANOVA allows testing for individual and interaction effects.

A researcher wants to test if exam performance differs between students taught by three different professors.
A. One-way ANOVA
B. Kruskal-Wallis
C. Logistic Regression
D. Two-sample t-test

Correct Answer: A. One-way ANOVA
Explanation: You're comparing mean performance across three independent groups (professors), assuming normality and equal variance. Use One-way ANOVA.

Is there a difference in cholesterol levels before and after taking a new medication? The data is not normally distributed.
A. Matched Pairs t-test
B. Wilcoxon Sign-Rank Test
C. Kruskal-Wallis
D. Two-sample t-test

Correct Answer: B. Wilcoxon Sign-Rank Test
Explanation: It's a before-and-after (paired) design, but the data is non-normal. The Wilcoxon Sign-Rank test is the nonparametric alternative to the paired t-test.

Can we predict final exam scores based on attendance rate and number of study hours?
A. One-way ANOVA
B. Simple Linear Regression
C. Multiple Regression
D. Kruskal-Wallis

Correct Answer: C. Multiple Regression
Explanation: You're predicting a continuous variable using two continuous predictors. This calls for multiple regression.

Do three different exercise programs lead to different weight loss results after 12 weeks?
A. One-way ANOVA
B. Two-way ANOVA
C. Logistic Regression
D. Simple Linear Regression

Correct Answer: A. One-way ANOVA
Explanation: You're comparing the means of a continuous outcome (weight loss) across three independent groups (programs). Use One-way ANOVA.

Does blood pressure vary depending on both diet type and age group (young, middle-aged, older)?
A. Kruskal-Wallis
B. Two-way ANOVA
C. Multiple Regression
D. Contingency Table

Correct Answer: B. Two-way ANOVA
Explanation: You're comparing a continuous variable across two categorical independent variables. Two-way ANOVA is appropriate.

Do customer satisfaction scores differ by store location (A, B, C)? The data is ordinal and not normally distributed.
A. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test
B. One-way ANOVA
C. Kruskal-Wallis
D. Logistic Regression

Correct Answer: C. Kruskal-Wallis
Explanation: Ordinal data across three independent groups requires a nonparametric method. Use Kruskal-Wallis.

A researcher wants to know if political affiliation (Democrat, Republican, Independent) is related to whether a person supports a new law (Yes/No).
A. One-way ANOVA
B. Logistic Regression
C. Contingency Table
D. Simple Linear Regression

Correct Answer: C. Contingency Table
Explanation: You're analyzing the relationship between two categorical variables. Use a contingency table and chi-square test.

Is there a difference in recovery time between two types of physical therapy in patients with the same injury?
A. Two-sample t-test
B. Simple Linear Regression
C. Wilcoxon Sign-Rank Test
D. One-way ANOVA

Correct Answer: A. Two-sample t-test
Explanation: Comparing means of two independent groups with a continuous outcome. Use a two-sample t-test.

Can we predict whether a student passes an exam based on hours studied and test anxiety level?
A. Logistic Regression
B. Simple Linear Regression
C. One-way ANOVA
D. Kruskal-Wallis

Correct Answer: A. Logistic Regression
Explanation: The outcome is binary (pass/fail), and the predictors are continuous. Logistic regression is used for binary outcomes.

A fitness researcher is examining whether resting heart rate differs across four different training regimens. The data is continuous and meets parametric assumptions.
A. Kruskal-Wallis
B. One-way ANOVA
C. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test
D. Logistic Regression

Correct Answer: B. One-way ANOVA
Explanation: You're comparing means across more than two groups with continuous, normally distributed data. Use One-way ANOVA.

Does the average test score differ based on both a student’s study method (flashcards, notes, tutoring) and their class standing (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior)?
A. One-way ANOVA
B. Kruskal-Wallis
C. Two-way ANOVA
D. Multiple Regression

Correct Answer: C. Two-way ANOVA
Explanation: You're comparing means across two categorical variables (study method × class standing). Use Two-way ANOVA to assess main and interaction effects.

A researcher wants to compare self-reported stress levels (scale of 1–10) across three occupations: teacher, nurse, and engineer. The data is ordinal.
A. Kruskal-Wallis
B. One-way ANOVA
C. Logistic Regression
D. Matched Pairs t-test

Correct Answer: A. Kruskal-Wallis
Explanation: Ordinal data across three independent groups → use Kruskal-Wallis (nonparametric alternative to One-way ANOVA).

Is there a relationship between gender (male/female) and whether someone prefers texting or calling?
A. Logistic Regression
B. Contingency Table
C. Two-sample t-test
D. One-way ANOVA

Correct Answer: B. Contingency Table
Explanation: You're analyzing two categorical variables. Use a contingency table with a chi-square test.

Can final exam performance be predicted using the number of hours studied?
A. Simple Linear Regression
B. One-way ANOVA
C. Logistic Regression
D. Kruskal-Wallis

Correct Answer: A. Simple Linear Regression
Explanation: One continuous predictor, one continuous outcome. Use simple linear regression.

A sleep study collects the number of hours slept before and after using a new pillow for a week. The sample size is small and the data is skewed.
A. One sample t-test
B. Wilcoxon Sign-Rank Test
C. Two-sample t-test
D. Matched Pairs t-test

Correct Answer: B. Wilcoxon Sign-Rank Test
Explanation: Paired data, non-normal distribution → Wilcoxon Sign-Rank is the nonparametric alternative to the Matched Pairs t-test.

Do two diet plans produce different average weight losses? The sample sizes are large, and the data is normally distributed.
A. Kruskal-Wallis
B. Two-sample t-test
C. Logistic Regression
D. One-way ANOVA

Correct Answer: B. Two-sample t-test
Explanation: Comparing two independent group means with continuous data → use a Two-sample t-test.

Can GPA be predicted by high school GPA and number of college credits completed?
A. Simple Linear Regression
B. Multiple Regression
C. One-way ANOVA
D. Logistic Regression

Correct Answer: B. Multiple Regression
Explanation: Multiple continuous predictors for a continuous outcome → use Multiple Regression.

Does test score differ based on a student's preferred study time (morning, afternoon, evening)? Data is normally distributed.
A. Kruskal-Wallis
B. Wilcoxon Sign-Rank Test
C. One-way ANOVA
D. Logistic Regression

Correct Answer: C. One-way ANOVA
Explanation: Comparing means of a continuous outcome across 3+ groups → One-way ANOVA.

Do pain levels decrease after physical therapy treatment? (Pain measured on a continuous scale, same individuals before and after treatment.)
A. Two-sample t-test
B. One sample t-test
C. Matched Pairs t-test
D. Logistic Regression

Correct Answer: C. Matched Pairs t-test
Explanation: Same people measured twice with normally distributed data → use the Matched Pairs t-test.

Is average income different among people with a high school diploma, bachelor’s degree, or master’s degree?
A. Two-way ANOVA
B. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test
C. One-way ANOVA
D. Logistic Regression

Correct Answer: C. One-way ANOVA
Explanation: One categorical variable (education level) with 3+ groups and one continuous outcome (income) → One-way ANOVA.