Geography - Urbanisation

What is urbanisation?

The increasing proportion of a population living in urban areas compared to rural areas.

What is the projected percentage of the world's population living in cities by 2026?

More than half of the world's population.

What are push factors in urban migration?

Negative factors that force people away from their place of origin, such as poverty, crop failure, lack of jobs, natural disasters, and conflict.

What are pull factors in urban migration?

Positive perceptions that attract people to cities, including higher-paid job opportunities, better healthcare and education, improved living standards, and reliable food supplies.

What is city regeneration?

The process of revitalising neglected urban areas to improve social, economic, and environmental conditions.

Name one strategy for economic renewal in city regeneration.

Investing in commercial areas and supporting startups to generate jobs.

What is a mixed-use development?

Combining residential, commercial, and leisure spaces to create accessible urban environments.

What characterizes a sustainable city?

Minimizing environmental footprint while providing a high quality of life for all residents.

What is green infrastructure?

Use of green roofs, permeable pavements, and urban wetlands to manage rainwater and reduce heat.

What is a circular economy?

An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and promoting the continual use of resources.

What problems arise from rapid urbanisation?

Development of informal settlements or slums due to inadequate infrastructure.

What are common issues faced by residents of slums?

Overcrowded living conditions, inadequate shelters, restricted access to clean water, and lack of sanitation.

What is a significant vulnerability of slum dwellers?

Insecure land tenure, making them susceptible to forced removals and natural disasters.

What is the role of renewable energy in sustainable cities?

Transitioning to solar, wind, and geothermal power for buildings and public transit.

What is the purpose of developing brownfield sites?

To transform abandoned industrial land into green spaces or parks.

What is the concept of '15-minute cities'?

Urban areas where services are accessible within a short walk, promoting mixed-use development.

How does sustainable transport contribute to urban sustainability?

By prioritizing walking, cycling, and electric public transit.

What is one goal of San Francisco's waste management program?

Achieving zero waste through aggressive recycling and composting programs.

What are the social and cultural strategies in city regeneration?

Repurposing old industrial buildings into museums, cultural hubs, or improving public services.

What is the impact of natural disasters on urban migration?

Natural disasters can serve as push factors, forcing people to migrate to urban areas.

What is the significance of better access to healthcare in urban migration?

It is a key pull factor that attracts people to cities.