Cell diversity

Tissue

Group of similar cells within a multicellular organism that carry out the same function

Organ

Made up of a number of tissues that carry out one or more functions

Organ system

Number of organs working together to carry out one or more functions

Plant tissues

dermal, vascular, ground, meristematic

Animal tissues

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

meristematic tissue function

Growing/dividing

Dermal function

Protection

Ground function

Packing

Vascular function

Transport

Epithelial tissue function

Line the body (stomach lining)

Connective function

Holds body together

Muscular function

Moves the body

Nervous function

Transmit nerve messages

Dermal tissue

Surrounds plant and protects it e.g. epidermis (covering on leaves, stems, roots). Epidermis are living rectangular cells. Sometimes have a cuticle (waxy substance around plant) prevents water loss

Meristematic tissue

Has dividing cells. Found where there's growth e.g. root tip and shoot tip

What are the root tip and shoot tip also known as

Apical meristem

Muscular tissue

Contractile- capable of shortening their length. Cause movement

Nervous tissue

Made of neurons. Carry impulses to and from brain. Allow coordination in body

Tissue culture

Growth of cells in or on an artificial medium outside the body

Tissue culture (features)

Cells grown in sterile fluid containing nutrients. Correct nutrients, glucose (energy), growth regulators + hormones (growth), vitamins + minerals

Name the applications of tissue culture

Plant breeding/micro propagation, Cancer Research, Organ transplants

Plant breeding

Known as micropropogation, Rapidly produces genetically identical plants. Cheap way of producing large number of plants

Micro propagation (definition)

Growth of large numbers of plants from cells, tissues or small parts of plants

Organ transplants

Allows the growth of some organs. E.g. sheets of skin for skin grafting