Chemistry - CH3 - Chemical changes

What is an acid?

What is an acid?

Any substance that forms an aqueous solution with a pH less than 7

What is an alkali?

A base that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH greater than 7

What is a base?

Any substance with a pH greater than 7

Acid + base →

Salt + water

What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

HCl

What is the formula for sulfuric acid?

H2So4

What is the formula for nitric acid?

HNo3

What is the formula for sodium hydroxide?

NaOH

What is the formula for calcium carbonate?

CaCO3

What does the strength of an acid mean?

How much it dissociates

What does the concentration of an acid mean?

How much acid there is in a certain volume

What is pH?

The measure of the concentration of H+ in a solution

When acid molecules are added to water, what happens?

They dissociate

Do strong acids partially or completely dissociate?

Completely

Do weak acids partially or completely dissociate?

Partially

Metal oxides + acid →

salt + water

Metal hydroxides + acid →

salt + water

acid + metal carbonates →

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Salt is a compound that contains what ions?

A positive ion and a negative ion

What is the technical term for a positive ion?

Cation

What is the technical term for a negative ion?

Anion

Are the common salts of sodium, potassium and ammonium soluble or insoluble?

Soluble

Are nitrates soluble or insoluble?

Soluble

Are common chlorides soluble or insoluble and with what exceptions?

Soluble except silver, lead chlorides

Are common sulfates soluble or insoluble and with what exceptions?

Soluble except lead, barium and calcium sulfates

Are common carbonates and hydroxides soluble or insoluble and with what exceptions?

Insoluble except sodium, potassium and ammonium

What is the electrolyte in electrolysis?

The liquid or solution

What does the electrolyte in electrolysis contain?

Ionic compounds

What are electrodes?

Solid conductors

What is the positive electrode known as?

Anode

What is the negative electrode known as?

Cathode

Is it oxidation or reduction at the anode?

Oxidation

Is it oxidation or reduction at the anode?

Reduction

What is electrolysis?

The splitting up of ionic compounds into their pure elements

What happens to the ion of the least reactive element at the electrode?

It is discharged

What happens if a halide is present at the electrode?

It will be discharged

What happens if a halide is not present at the electrode?

The hydroxide ion gets discharged