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Thomas Aquinas
Attempted to reconcile Christian teachings with Greek philosophy
Urban II
Pope that announced the First Crusade
Dante
Wrote the Divine Comedy
John
SIgned the Magna Carta
Joan of Arc
Led the French to victory at orleans
Crusades
The holy wars to conquer Palestine
clerical marriage
Pope Gregory VII banned
gothic
New form of architecture during the high middle ages
Charter
A document that listed a town’s privileges
Charlemagne
Ruled the strongest kingdom during the early middle ages
ship building
Vikings excelled at the technology of
VIkings
From 800-1000 Europe was raided by this group
Apprentice
Person just learning a trade
Benedict
Established monasteries in Western Europe
guild
Organizations of local workers for the purpose of setting quality standards and prices and for training workers
fief
an estate granted a vassal
1/3
About this percent of Europe’s population died from the Black Death
Catholic Church
the strongest international force for stability in medieval europe
100 years war
England and France fought in this
excommunication
Church action that denied the sacraments to an individual
military
Vassals owed their lord this type of service
Dublin
City the Vikings founded
land
The feudal system was based on the control of
peasants
Group who comprised the largest portion of medieval society
Henry II
English king who aided the development of common law
Chivalry
The ideal code knights lived by—or not
protection
Feudalism emerged out of a need for
nobles
The Magna Carta defended the rights of the
Richard
English king who led the Third Crusade
Vernacular
Non Latin languages
Chaucer
Wrote Canterbury Tales
Common law
Decisions by England’s judges became know as
First
The crusade that resulted in the capture of Jerusalem from the Muslims
longbowmen
using this, the English were able to inflict enormous defeats on the French
Reconquista
Muslims were driven out of Spain through this
England
Conquered by Williams of Normandy
Magna Carta
English barons forced King John to sign this document
Cardinal
A leading bishop that elected the Pope
battles
Crecy, Poitiers, Agincourt won by the British
Note 
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