western civ middle ages

Thomas Aquinas

Attempted to reconcile Christian teachings with Greek philosophy

Urban II

Pope that announced the First Crusade

Dante

Wrote the Divine Comedy

John

SIgned the Magna Carta

Joan of Arc

Led the French to victory at orleans

Crusades

The holy wars to conquer Palestine

clerical marriage

Pope Gregory VII banned

gothic

New form of architecture during the high middle ages

Charter

A document that listed a town’s privileges

Charlemagne

Ruled the strongest kingdom during the early middle ages

ship building

Vikings excelled at the technology of

VIkings

From 800-1000 Europe was raided by this group

Apprentice

Person just learning a trade

Benedict

Established monasteries in Western Europe

guild

Organizations of local workers for the purpose of setting quality standards and prices and for training workers

fief

an estate granted a vassal

1/3

About this percent of Europe’s population died from the Black Death

Catholic Church

the strongest international force for stability in medieval europe

100 years war

England and France fought in this

excommunication

Church action that denied the sacraments to an individual

military

Vassals owed their lord this type of service

Dublin

City the Vikings founded

land

The feudal system was based on the control of

peasants

Group who comprised the largest portion of medieval society

Henry II

English king who aided the development of common law

Chivalry

The ideal code knights lived by—or not

protection

Feudalism emerged out of a need for

nobles

The Magna Carta defended the rights of the

Richard

English king who led the Third Crusade

Vernacular

Non Latin languages

Chaucer

Wrote Canterbury Tales

Common law

Decisions by England’s judges became know as

First

The crusade that resulted in the capture of Jerusalem from the Muslims

longbowmen

using this, the English were able to inflict enormous defeats on the French

Reconquista

Muslims were driven out of Spain through this

England

Conquered by Williams of Normandy

Magna Carta

English barons forced King John to sign this document

Cardinal

A leading bishop that elected the Pope

battles

Crecy, Poitiers, Agincourt won by the British