Anatomy Origin and Insertion

Origin: Cranial aponeurosis

Insertion: Skin of eyebrows

Muscle: Frontalis

Primary Action: Raises eyebrows

Origin: Frontal bone and maxilla

Insertion: Tissue around eyes

Muscle: Orbicularis oculi

Primary Action: Blinks and closes eyes

Origin: Mandible and maxilla

Insertion: Skin and muscle around mouth

Muscle: Orbicularis oris

Primary Action: Closes and protrudes lips

Origin: Temporal bone 

Insertion: Mandible 

Muscle: Temporalis 

Primary Action: closes jaw 

Origin: Zygomatic bone

Insertion: Skin and muscle at corner of lips

Muscle: Zygomaticus

Primary Action: Raises corner of mouth

Origin: Temporal bone

Insertion: Mandible

Muscle: Masseter

Primary Action: Closes jaw

Origin: Maxilla and Mandible near molars

Insertion: Orbicularis oris

Muscle: Buccinator

Primary Action: Compresses cheek as in whistling and sucking

Origin: Sternum and clavicle 

Insertion: Temporal bone (mastoid process) 

Muscle: Sternocleidomastoid 

Primary Action: Flexes neck; rotates head 

Origin: Connective tissue covering of superior chest muscles

Insertion: Tissue around mouth

Muscle: Platysma

Primary Action: Pulls corners of mouth inferiorly

Origin: sternum, clavicle, and first to sixth ribs

Insertion: Proximal humerous

Muscle: Pectoralis major

Primary Action: Adducts and flexes humerous

Origin: Pubis 

Insertion: Sternum and fifth to seventh ribs 

Muscle: Rectus abdominis 

Primary Action: Flexes vertebral column 

Origin: Lower eight ribs

Insertion: iliac crest 

Muscle: External oblique 

Primary Action: Flexes and rotates vertebral column 

Origin: Scapula of shoulder girdle

Insertion: Proximal radius

Muscle: Biceps brachii

Primary action: Flexes elbow and supinates forearm

Origin: Distal humerous

Insertion: Proximal ulna

Muscle: Brachialis

Primary Action: Flexes elbow

Origin: lateral clavicle

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Muscle: Deltoid

Primary Action: Abducts arm

Origin: illium and lumbar vertebrae 

Insertion: Femur (lesser trochanter) 

Muscle: iliopsoas 

Primary Action: Flexes hip 

Origin: Pelvis

Insertion: Proximal Femur

Muscle: Adductor muscles

Primary Action: Adduct thigh

Origin: ilium

Insertion: Proximal tibia

Muscle: Sartorius

Primary Action: Flexes thigh on hip

Origin: Femur 

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament 

Muscle: Quadriceps group (Vastus medialis, intermedius, and lateralis; and the rectus femoris) 

Primary Action: All extend knee; rectus femoris also flexes hip on thigh

Origin: Proximal tibia

Insertion: First cuneiform (tarsal) and first metatarsal of foot

Muscle: Tibialis anterior

Primary Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Origin: Proximal tibia and fibula

Insertion: Distal toes 2-5

Muscle: Extensor digitorum Longus

Primary Action: Extends toes and dorsiflexes foot

Origin: Fibula 

Insertion: Metatarsals of foot 

Muscle: Fibularis muscles 

Primary Action: Plantar flex and evert foot 

Origin: Occipital bone and all cervical and thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: scapular spine and clavicle

Muscle: Trapezius

Primary Action: Extends neck and adducts scapula

Origin: Lower spine and iliac crest 

Insertion: Proximal humerus

Muscle: Latissimus dorsi 

Primary Action: Extends and adducts humerus

Origin: iliac crest, ribs 3-12, and vertebrae

Insertion: Ribs, thoracic and cervical vertebrae

Muscle: Erector spinae

Primary Action: Extends back

Origin: scapular spine and clavicle

Insertion: Humerus (deltoid tuberosity)

Muscle: Deltoid

Primary Action: abducts humerus

Origin: Shoulder girdle and proximal humerus 

Insertion: olecranon process of ulna 

Muscle: Triceps brachii

Primary Action: Extends elbow 

Origin: Distal humerus

Insertion: Second and third metacarpals

Muscle: Flexor Carpi radialis

Primary Action: Flexes wrists and abducts hand

Origin: distal humerus and posterior ulna

Insertion: carpals of wrist and fifth metacarpal

Muscle: Flexor Carpi ulnaris

Primary Action: flexes wrist and adducts hand

Origin: Sacrum and ilium 

Insertion: Proximal Femur (gluteal tuberosity 

Muscle: Gluteus maximus 

Primary Action: Extends hip (when forceful extension is required) 

Origin: ilium

Insertion: Proximal Femur

Muscle: Gluteus medius

Primary Action: Abducts thigh, steadies pelvis during walking

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Proximal tibia (head of fibula in the case of biceps femoris)

Muscle: Hamstring muscles (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris)

Primary Action: Flex knee and extend hip

Origin: Distal femur 

Insertion: Calcaneus ( heel via calcaneal tendon) 

Muscle: Gastrocnemius 

Primary Action: plantar flexes foot and flexes knee 

Origin: Proximal tibia and fibula

Insertion: Calcaneus

Muscle: Soleus

Primary Action: plantar flexes foot