Bio Cells Unit 4 Benson

Cell membrane

Cell membrane

Made of phospholipids, it is a border for the cell. It controls what can pass in and out of the cell.

Cell wall

Made of cellulose in plants, other substances in bacteria. Strong, protects cells; forms tree trunks.

Cytoplasm

The liquid part of a cell, contains a lot of water, enzymes, chemicals for the cell.

Ribosomes

These click together amino acid monomers by dehydration synthesis to form proteins.

Cytoskeleton

Microfilaments:Rods of structural protein that can hold down organelles and stream cytoplasm around.

Cytoskeleton

Microtubules:Rods of structural protein that can serve as train tracks to move items around; also in flagella.

Nucleus

An area in eukaryotic cells that holds the DNA.

Nucleolus

A darker section of the nucleus that is where ribosomes are made.

Nuclear envelope

The double membrane around the nucleus; controls what goes in and out of the nucleus.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)

The bound ribosomes on it make proteins in the inside of the rough ER to transport out of the cell.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)

Enzymes inside it click together various types of lipids for the cell, via dehydration synthesis.

Golgi apparatus

Packages, modifies, and sorts proteins and lipids made by ER. "Post office" of the cell.

Transport vesicles

Small blobs of membrane that pinch off R/S ER carrying proteins or lipids to golgi to be modified; pinch of golgi to travel to membrane.

Food vacuoles

Small blobs of membrane that pinch inwards off of cell membrane to carry food particles inside.

Lysosomes

Membrane with lots of enzymes inside of it to break things down. Recycling center of the cell.

Centrioles

Structures made of microtubules that help animal cells divide.

Flagella

"Tails" that help cells move/swim. Microtubules run down their length and wave side to side.

Central Vacuole

Large membrane bounds space in plant cells that holds water and salts. Helps with rigidity

Chloroplast

Builds sugars for autotrophs by capturing sunlight energy. Instead of eating (heterotrophy).