Quicksheet: General Chemistry

Solubility rule 1

All salts containing alkali metals (Group 1) or ammonium (NH4+) cations are water soluble

Solubility rule 2

All salts containing the nitrate (NO3-) or acetate (CH3COO-) anions are water soluble

percent composition by mass

mass solute/mass solution * 100%

mole fraction

#mol compound/total # mol

molarity

#mol solute/L of solution

molality

#mol solute/kg of solvent

normality

#gram equivalent weights of solute/L solution

Ksp vs IP

• equilibrium constant for a dissociation rxn

  • determines level of saturation and behavior of the solution

IP<Ksp

IP=Ksp

IP>Ksp

• solution is unsaturated, more will dissolve

• solution saturated (equil)

• solution supersaturated, precipitate will frm

dilution formula

M1V1 = M2V2

titration formula

NaVa = NbVb

• N = normality (mol/L)

experimental rate law equation

rate = k[A]^x[B]^y

equilibrium constant

Kc = [products]/[reactants]

Keq

characteristic of a given system at a given temperature

Keq»1

equil mixture contains very little reactants compared to productsK

Kequ«1

equil mixture contains very little products compared to reactants

Keq close to 1

equil mixture of products and reactants are equal

La chatelier’s principle

system to which stresses (change in [], pressure, vol, temp) are applied tends to change to relieve applied stress