C4 Interactions and Interdependence of Ecosystems

Random sampling

every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

Sampling error

Difference between estimate and actual sample, random sampling is never perfect representation

Quadrat sampling

For sessile (non-moving) organisms, placed at random location in area, organism that lie inside are counted ensures the same surface area test for each population

Carrying capacity

The maximum number of organisms that an environment can consistently meet the need of

Limiting factor

Any aspect of event in a habitat that prevents a population from continuing to grow larger

Density dependent factor

Change in effect based on the size of the population (predation, competition etc)

Density independent factor

Will affect a population of any size (flooding, fires etc)

Density dependent factors (examples)

More predators, competition fir food, water and space, faster spread of pathogens and parasites

Exponential phase

Small number of organisms inhabit new area and will be lots of resources for rapid growth. Population will keep doubling and population growing at accelerated rate

Transitional phase

Population large enough that now resources are becoming limited and growth rate shows, still growth but slower competition can limit how many thrive

Plateau phase

Stabilize at sustained rate for that area, a plateau at the carrying capacity will be established

Herbivory

Example of interspecific relationship. Primary consumers feeding om producers, can be beneficial to both organism unless small

Predation

Interspecific relationship that involves one consumer species (predator) killing/eating consumer species (prey)

Mutualism

Type of symbiotic relationship . Benefits both organisms

Parasitism

Example of symbiotic relationship, ongoing association between two different species to benefit of one, bring harm to host organism

Pathogenicity

The disease-causing quality of an organism.