English Academic Contest

refers to unjustified beliefs about how certain actions/ behaviors may lead to particular, usually suoernatural consequences

Superstitions

When Evaluating the validity of info, ask urself the following questions.

What is the basis of this info?

Is it supported by reliable research-based evidence?

Is it scientifically proven?

Is the source of info credible, reputable, or trustworthy?

Is it influenced by bias and/or prejudice

Exposure or susceptibility to invalid information basically leads to misinformation. Which is commonly known as

fake news

The common error in the use of pronouns and their antecedents is called

faulty pronoun reference

is used to replace a noun in a sentence.

Pronoun

The noun the pronoun refers to is called the

antecedents

General Rules in Using Pronouns

Position the pronouns next to or close to their antecedents

Make exact or direct pronoun references

As much as possible, write or mention the antecedent first before the pronoun

Common Errors in Pronoun Reference

Ambiguous Reference

Remote Reference

Vague Reference

Implied or Hidden Antecedent

This text is nonfiction, and its main purpose is to inform the readers through facts and other essential details about specific topics

Informational texts

Informational texts are written using different patters of paragraph development also known as

organizational patterns

These Organizational patterns include

Cause-effect

Comparison Contrast

Enumeration

Classification

Problem Solution

Refers to a consultation between two or more people

Interview

The people in an interview

Interviewer

Interviewee

is a more traditional form of interview in which the interviewer aims to gather more technical info and understanding of concepts about a particular topic or field of knowledge

formal interview

focuses more on bringing out the interviewee’s personal attitudes, beliefs, and communication styles in a more comfortable stance and environment

informal interview

A common example of a formal interview is

interviewing a job applicant

While a common example for an informal interview is

interviewing a celebrity in a TV talk show

This type of formal interview is usually conducted by students for research, reporting, and technical writing

journalistic interview

steps that an interview should do

Do a lot of Research

Contact ur interviewee personally

Study your research well before writing your questions

Prepare the basics

Be punctual

Conduct the interview in an organized, professional manner

Take down interview notes properly

Review your interview notes and start writing

Are special verbs that are used as auxiliary verbs

modals

they are used to express functions such as ability permission possibility obligation strong belief advice request or offer and conditionality or improbability

modals

modals that mean to express permission

may

can

could

modals that mean to express obligation

must

should

modals that are used to express prohibition

cannot

must not

show conditions or situations and their outcome or consequences

conditional sentences

or real it is used for situations that seem real

first conditional

it uses the form if + subject + simple present

first conditional

or unreal it shows a less real possibility or unlikeliness to happen

second conditional

the main clause for this conditional has subject + simple future

first conditional

it uses the form if + subject + simple past

second conditional

its main clause uses the subject + would + base form

second conditional

shows an unreal situation related to the past or something that did not happen in the past

third conditional

it uses the form if + subject + past perfect

third conditional

it is also known as past conditional

third conditional

it uses the main clause subject + would have + past participle

third conditional

refers to the language one uses in a given situation

a speech or communicative style

is used in self addresssed questions or self talk, exclamations, sudden realizations, and expressions of surprise and interest

intimate style

is also used in conversations between two VERY close individuals

intimate style

when u use contractions, slang, and simplified grammar, u talk with ur family or friends and write blogs social media posts or advertisements

casual communication

are used in formal settings

formal

consultive

frozen

is used in structured interviews and meetings, in church in bank or in job interviews it is also used when talking w superiors and writing formal letters, news reports and public speeches

formal style

when you want to confer with other people on a particular topic project program or activity you should use the

consultive style

is also appropriate if the people involved int he conversation are interested in participating in some decision making

consultive style

also known as fixed speech, and is considered as the highest form of communicative style

frozen style

This is used in very formal settings, occassions, ceremonies and law related conversations. It is used in situations such as pledges plays marriage ceremonies anthems judicial sentencing legal docs and funerals

frozen style

may also be used to express hesitation disinterest, or prejudice during a dialogue conversation or conference

frozen style

The communicative styles

intimate

casual

formal

consultive

frozen

refers to a type of communication that does not involve the use of words

nonverbal communication

It includes gestures, facial expressions, pitch and tone of voice, voice projection, posture, spatial distance and eye movements

nonverbal communication

is the most important nonverbal strategy when telling or reading stories

voice projection

is a form of creative writing that uses a certain structure and words

Literary writing

It also uses tone rhythm figures of speech dialogues and some jargon

literary writing

is an example of a unique form of expression that makes use of different types of literary writing

play

gives a form of escape from reality

theater

this utilizes the new styles applied by the playwright and the director

convention

a play can be in the form of comedy tragedy mystery or history

genre

the way each scenario in the drama is depicted also contributes to the overall impact of the story presented

scenery

this includes theattrical equipment like curtains, backdrops, special stage effects, and platforms

scenery

This is the actors clothing and accesories, these vsual elements engage the audience more in the potrayal of roles done by the actors

costumes

this refers to the other obj that are used onstage to further depict or potray a certain scene

props

the modern theater elements

convention

genre

audience

technical elements

scenery

costumes

props

performance elements

acting

character motivation

character analysis

empathy

This element refers to the use of facial expressions voice projection and body gestures done by the actors in potraying a role

acting

This provides the reason for actors to show varied behaviors in a portrayal of a role

Character motivation

Guide questions for character motivation

What is the backstory of my character?

What is standing in the way of my character?

What is important for this character?

Is the conflict with the character an internal or external?

this is how all of the elements are evaluated and seen in every aspect of the role depicted in the drama

Character analysis

this refers to the way actors identify w the characters they are potraying and the way they can cause the audience to relate or connect w their character

empathy

is a play that contains a complete story in a single act

one act play

is a unit of drama that can have several scenes

act

usually have two to five acts

full length play

elements of a one act play

theme

plot

characters

dialogue

it tells us what the play is all about

theme

who is the central character

hero or the protagonist

who arouses the conflict

antagonist

is a method acting step where actors motivate themselves by imitating the characters behavior or attributes while perforiming a play

internalize

this means that the sentence suggests comparison but the ideas compared are two unlike things

illogical comparison

the ideas compared in the sentence are not clear

ambiguous comparison

is the very first stage when looking deeply into the content of ur essay, it involves re reading ur essay, adding ideas, and changing or eliminating ideas that are far from your main idea

revising

this stage demands that you check your introduction and conclusion

revising

this comes after revising this is where you improve the craftsmanship of your work leading to coherence and style

Editing

is the unity of the whole essay where your group of sentences are all related to your main idea

coherence

is the last stage after you revise and edit your essays, this is where you check for errors in sentence structure, subject verb agreement, tense consistency, spelling, capitalization and punctuation

proofreading

refers to ones attitude or viewpoint in life

disposition

mirrors life, and it connects us to the past.

Literature

tells a story about a group of pilgrims who went on a spiritual journey from london to canterbury, it is also one of the greatest masterpieces of english literature

The Canterbury Tales

A literary genre that became popular during the medieval period, and are narrative poems that tell us stories about knights and their ladies

metrical romances

is a concept that describes the conditions of the world as a resolut of the cold war

VUCA

the meaning of VUCA

volatile

uncertain

complex

ambiguous

refers to the period of tension between the Soviet Union and the US

Cold War

is characterized by vulnerability to rapid sudden and frequent change

volatility

refers to the unpredictability of outcomes

uncertainty

these values are love for family good leadership value of friendship respect empathy faith courage resilience grit adaptability and kindness

unchanging values

regers to the ability of a literary work to appeal to many readers across ages races gender cultures and other bounmdaries

universality

pertains to the ability of literature to teach mortals that inspire its readers to become better people

spiritual values

are groups of words with an incomplete thought, it either lacks a subject or a verb

fragments

This is a kind of fragment that may contain a noun or a verb but they do not have a subject or a predicate they are group of words that do not have acomplete meaning and cannot stand alone

phrases

kind of phrase that begins with a preposition and is followed by a noun or a pronoun that functions as the obj of preposition

prepositional phrases

this kind of phrase is comprised of a verbal together with verb form modifiers objects and complements

verbal phrases