Integrated Humanities Exam Prep Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from the Integrated Humanities lecture notes, focusing on superpowers, empires, international organizations, significant individuals, peace and conflict, colonialism, WWI, WWII, the Cold War, and other related topics.

Who united nomadic tribes in Mongolia and established an empire through conquest and military prowess?

Genghis Khan

From where to where did the Mongol Empire stretch?

Eastern Europe to East Asia (Central Asia, China, Middle East)

For what was the Mongol army renowned?

Skilled horsemen, archers, strategic tactics

What was the period of relative peace and stability under Mongol rule known as?

Pax Mongolica

What did Pax Mongolica faciliate?

Trade and cultural exchange along the Silk Road

After Genghis Khan’s death, the Mongol Empire fragmented into smaller khanates due to what?

Internal conflicts and succession struggles

In what year did the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China fall?

1368

What was the importance of Trade and Cultural exchange in the Mongol Empire?

It fostered trade and the exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies across the empire (Silk Road).

What infrastructure did the Mongol Empire promote the development of to facilitate trade and communication?

Roads and postal stations

What left a lasting impact on the political landscape of Eurasia, with modern borders and political entities traced back to the Mongol Empire’s territorial divisions?

Conquests and the establishment of various Khanates

Why is ancestry and population important in understanding the ongoing legacy of the Mongol empire?

Millions of people today are descended from Genghis Khan and other Mongol rulers.

What was the primary purpose of the League of Nations?

To promote international cooperation and prevent future wars.

In what year was the League of Nations established?

1920

In what year was the League of Nations dissolved?

1946

By what organization was the League of Nations replaced, and why?

The UN because WWII proved its ineffectiveness

What methods did the League of Nations use to promote peace and prevent war?

Collective security, disarmament, and settling disputes via negotiation and diplomacy

Which major power never joined the League of Nations?

The USA

What was a key success of the League of Nations in 1920?

Taking home half a million prisoners of war from World War One.

What was a key success of the League of Nations in 1921?

Sweden and Finland accepted the League's arbitration to give the Aaland Islands to Finland.

What was a key success of the League of Nations in 1922?

Setting up camps and feeding Turkish refugees.

What was a key success of the League of Nations in 1923?

Sending economics experts to help Austria when its government went bankrupt.

What was a key success of the League of Nations in 1925?

Greece obeyed the League's orders to pull out of Bulgaria.

What was a key success of the League of Nations in 1926?

Approved the Slavery convention (freed 200,000 slaves).

What was a key success of the League of Nations in 1936?

Signed an international convention to combat the drugs trade (still in force).

What was a key success of the League of Nations in the 1920s?

Worked to prevent malaria and leprosy.

What were the original members of NATO?

original members: US, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the United Kingdom

What was the main reason for the warsaw pact?

Counterbalance to NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

When was Donald Trump born?

June 14, 1946

What were Hitler's actions?

killing of 6 million Jews and others during Holocaust

When and where was Malala born?

July 12, 1997 in Pakistan

when and where was Serena Williams born?

September 26, 1981 in Michigan, U.S.

What are the types of colonialism?

Settler Colonialism, Exploitation Colonialism, Surrogate Colonialism, Internal Colonialism, Trade Colonialism, National Colonialism

What were the causes of WW1?

Arms race, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, assassination of Archduke

What were the causes of WW2?

Treaty of Versailles, Expansionist Policies, Nationalism, Failure of the League of Nations, Appeasement Policies, Alliances

What were the causes of the Cold War?

Ideological Differences, Post-World War II Power Vacuum, Nuclear Arms Race, Historical Grievances

What was an important event in March of 1918?

Russia signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany

What was an important event on November 11,1918?

Germany signs the Armistice at Compiègne, ending World War I

What was an important event in September of 1931?

Japanese invasion of Manchuria

What was an important event in September of 1943?

Italy surrenders

What was the Berlin Wall marking?

Division of Berlin at the end of WW2

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Confrontation between US and Soviet Union during Cold War and closest time that the two superpowers came to nuclear conflict

What was an important event for the Cuban Missile crisis during 1961-1963?

1961-1963: Installation of USA Jupiter missiles in Turkey (direct target to USSR)

What was the Space Race?

Signified the technological and ideolocial competition of USA and USSR

What are the start and end dates of the Veitnam War?

Summary: Started: 1 November 1955 Ended: 30 April 1975

What were the phases of a revolution?

Underlying tensions + grievances within society, Eruption of pent-up frustration/anger, Transition to new political/social order

What were the causes of the Russia Revolution?

Poverty and inequality, Industrial discontent, Food shortages + inflation, Outdated economy, Autocratic rule, Corruption + Inefficiency, Ethnic minorities, Impact of WW1, Rise of Revolutionary Ideologies

What were the positive concequences of globalization?

Economic growth, Cultural exchange, Advanced technology, Improved standards of living

What were the negative concequences of globalization?

Economic inequality, Loss of local traditions and languages, Environmental degradation, Political and social tensions

What were all of the river systems?

Main Channel, Tributaries, Drainage Basin (Watershed), Source, Mouth, Meander, Floodplain, Delta, Estuary, Confluence

What characterized the enviroment of the rainforest?

high biodiversity, high annual rainfal, dense/layered vegetation, warm temperatures, nutrient-poor soil

What characterized the enviroment of the desert?

low precipitation, Arid conditions, Specific adaptations, Soil types