Developmental Biology of Mammals

Flashcards covering key biological concepts related to the development of mammals, particularly focusing on early stages and factors affecting development.

What are teratogens?

Toxic substances that can damage a developing organism.

What key role does DNA play in an organism's development?

DNA contains the instructions for creating every cell in the body; errors in DNA can have lifelong consequences.

At what stage does fertilization occur?

Fertilization occurs when sperm penetrates the egg, combining genetic material from both parents.

What is the blastocyst?

The blastocyst is an early stage of development that forms when the embryo implants in the uterine wall.

What health consequences can chronic stress during pregnancy cause?

Chronic stress can lead to lower intelligence and increased rates of ADHD, autism, and schizophrenia in the child.

What are some psychological consequences of postpartum depression on infants?

Increased risk of social, emotional, and cognitive deficits due to reduced interaction and stimulation.

How can a baby's environment influence its long-term consequences?

A supportive and nurturing environment can promote healthy cognitive and emotional development.

What is a sensitive period in development?

A sensitive period is a time when the brain is particularly receptive to learning and development.

What is synaptic pruning?

The process of eliminating unused neural connections in the brain, making the brain more efficient.

What innate reflex helps infants with feeding?

The rooting reflex, which causes infants to turn their head and open their mouth when their cheek is touched.