Chp 5 Globalization and Culture: Understanding Global Interconnections

Hybridization

________- persistent cultural mixing that has no predetermined direction or endpoint.

Gerald Murray

________'s work to reduce deforestation in Haiti in the 1970s and 1980s: USAID invested millions of dollars in reforestation projects but without consulting with Haitian farmers about their particular perspectives or needs.

Exiles

________- people who are expelled by the authorities of their home countries.

Human groups

________ have always been interconnected, though the scale of modern globalization is extraordinary.

Localization

________- the creation and assertion of highly particular, place- based identities and communities.

Immigrants

________: people who leave their countries with no expectation of ever returning.

Migrants

________- people who leave their homes to live or work for a time in other regions or countries.

Multi-sited ethnography

________- an ethnographic research strategy of following connections, associations, and putative relationships from place to place.

transnational phenomena

Multi-sited research is fast becoming a common anthropological research strategy for investigating ________ like environmental issues, the media, international religious groupings, and the continual spread of science and technology.

Franz Boas

________ and his students Alfred Kroeber and Ralph Linton were diffusionists: early twentieth-century anthropologists who held that cultural characteristics result from either internal historical dynamism or a spread (diffusion) of cultural attributes from other societies.

Wealth

________ and poverty play a large role in a persons ability to participate in global communication.

Cultural attitudes

________, perceptions, and symbolic values also shape migration, creating a culture of migration.

Convergence theories

________ explain the emergence of world culture: norms and values that extend across national boundaries.

Postcolonialism

________- the field that studies the cultural legacies of colonialism and imperialism.

Refugees

________- people who migrate because of political oppression or war, usually with legal permission to stay in a different country.

Globalization

________ is defined differently in different disciplines; an economist has a different focus from a political scientist, a sociologist, or an anthropologist.

Diffusionists

________- early twentieth-century Boasian anthropologists who held that cultural characteristics result from either internal historical dynamism or a spread (diffusion) of cultural attributes from other societies.

Murray

________ bridged the gap between the goals of the planners and farmers, suggesting efficient, mutually beneficial solutions.

World systems theory

________ has been especially relevant to scholars of postcolonialism: the field that studies the cultural legacies of colonialism and imperialism.

push-pull factors

Social scientists study global migratory flows in terms of ________ - the social, economic, and political factors that "push "people to migrate from their homes and that "pull "them to host countries.

Development anthropology

________- the application of anthropological knowledge and research methods to the practical aspects of shaping and implementing development projects.

anthropological analysis of globalization

A(n) ________ must explore cultural nuances of global interconnections, including inequality, confrontation, domination, accommodation, and resistance.

process of globalization

The ________ affects us all, especially anthropologists who seek to understand the differences and similarities between human groups and cultures.

Transnational community

________- a spatially excluded social network that spans multiple countries.

Financial globalization

________ began in the 1870s.

Harry Truman

In 1949, US president ________ sought to fight communism by spreading Western scientific advances and industrial progress with the two- thirds of the world he described as "underdeveloped ..

Transnational

________- relationships that extend beyond nation- state boundaries but do not necessarily cover the whole world.

dependent periphery

It is the theory that capitalism has expanded on the basis of unequal exchange throughout the world, creating a global market and global division of labor, dividing the world between a dominant "core "and a(n) ________ ..

cultural imperialism

This is also called ________: the promotion of one culture over others, through formal policy or less formal means, like the spread of technology and material culture.

Globalization

________- the widening scale of cross- cultural interactions caused by the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas within nations and across national boundaries.

Localization

________ is reflected in the recent rise of political and social movements that emphasize local control as well as patterns of consumption.

Globalization

________ illustrates how people change their cultures because of their connections with other groups.