AP World 6.6 - 6.7

indentured servants

indentured servants

people who worked for a set number of years before becoming free

penal colony

a settlement used to exile prisoners and separate them from the general population

convicts

Britain shipped them to penal colonies, where they would perform hard labor and suffer harsh treatment

diaspora

mass emigrations from a country or region that may place over a period of many years, an example of one is that African Slave Trade

emigrate

to leave your home country and move to another one, many Chinese did this during the late 18th and 19th centuries to escape poverty.

Taiping Rebellion

a massive revolution in China started over many different issues buy mainly economic issues. The Qing dynasty emerged victorious but was deeply indebted and weak. The rebellion cost the lives of 20-30 million Chinese.

Great Famine

An Irish Famine caused by a four-year-long destroyed potato crop. It caused 3 million Irish to Emigrate to other nations.

Colonial Service

The bureaucracy that governed British colonies

Colonization society

A government-established group tasked with building Japan an overseas Empire to which it could export its surplus population and commercial goods.

Trinidad and Tobago

Islands in the Caribbean which attracted large amounts of Hindu practicing Indian laborers

Ethnic enclaves

clusters or neighborhoods of people from the same foreign country

gold rush

a large scale movement of workers to an area where gold has recently been discovered

Mauritius

islands off the southeast coast of Africa

Natal

a colony that is today part of South Africa

Mohandas Gandhi

An Indian who founded the Natal Indian Congress and worked to expose the world to the rampant discrimination against Indians in South Africa. He eventually returned to India to become a leader in the movement against British rule.

kangani system

a system where entire families were recruited to work on tea, coffee, and rubber plantations in South East Asia. Served as a replacement to indentured servitude

Scots-Irish

Irish who came to North America that were protestant descendants of Scots who had previously migrated to Ireland.

Canal System

Built largely in the early 1800s, canals linked the Northeast farming areas with cities and had a powerful effect on westward migration; helped establish New York as an important trading location

white-collar

a description characterizing professional and management workers

blue-collar

member of the working class who performs manual labor and earns an hourly wage

popular culture

Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics

Argentina

a wealthy south American country that was particularly welcoming to immigrants

Chinese Exclusion Act

Initially limited to a 10 year period, this policy banned further Chinese Immigration within the United States. It was made permanent and only repealed in 1943.

Porfirio Díaz

The President of Mexico who promoted immigration when America wouldn’t allow Chinese to enter.

Chinese Immigration Act

A law created to limit the amount of Chinese that could enter into the province of Victoria by ship during the Australian gold rush.

Chinese Immigration Regulation and Restriction Act

an attempt by New South Whales to restrict the number of Chinese Immigrants entering the colony.

Influx of Chinese Restriction Act

Another attempt by New South Whales to restrict Chinese immigration with an entrance tax

Chinatowns

Chinese ethnic enclaves that developed in most cities with large numbers of Chinese immigrants

White Australia Policy

a policy enacted by the central Australian government to preserve a white Australia, it was only repealed in the mid 1970s.