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Poetry
The art of expressing one’s thoughts in VERSE
Uses a few words to express a big idea
Words are chosen very carefully, expressing meaning
Poem
A poem is a collection of spoken or written words that expresses ideas or emotions in a powerfully vivid and imaginative style
ex. “While you decline to cry, high on the mountainside a single stalk of plume grass wilts.”
Stanza
a stanza is a division of four or more lines having a fixed length, meter, or rhyming scheme and is similar to a paragraph
(Grouping of lines)
ex. I once met a fairy who lived on a star. From a stranger prospective I had to move far. I asked her once why she lived on a star She frowned and replied, how weird you are.
Line
Subdivision of a poem grouped into a row of words
ex. Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams For when dreams go Life is a barren field Frozen with snow.
Rhythm
Rhythm is a literary device that demonstrates the long and short patterns through stressed and unstressed syllables, particularly in verse form.
ex. Whose goods are these, I don’t know. If I take it, my life is at stake, I know though.
Rhyme Scheme
Rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhyme that comes at the end of each verse or line in poetry. It is the structure of the end words of a verse or line that a poet needs to create.
The people along the sand All turn and look one way. They turn their back on the land. They look at the sea all day.
Free Verse
poetry that is free from the limitations of a regular meter or rhythm and does not rhyme with fixed forms
ex. “A noiseless patient spider, I mark’d where on a little promontory it stood isolated, Mark’d how to explore the vacant vast surrounding, It launch’d forth filament, filament, filament, out of itself, Ever unreeling them, ever tirelessly speeding them.”
repetition
involves intentionally using a word or phrase for effect, two or more times in a speech or written work
ex. Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall. Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.
anaphora
rhetorical device that features the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive sentences, phrases, or clauses
ex. We came, we saw, we conquered.
imagery
use of figurative language to evoke a sensory experience or create a picture with words for a reader
ex. The autumn leaves are a blanket on the ground.
diction
linguistic choices made by a writer to convey an idea or point of view, or tell a story, in an effective way
ex. After dinner, as I left my friend's house, she shouted “peace out, see you tomorrow.” I responded with “Cheerio!” in a British accent.
connotation
refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly.
ex. It’s a crazy cold.
denotation
objective meaning of a word, with no associated emotion
ex. The raspberry is red.
allusion
a reference, typically brief, to a person, place, thing, event, or other literary work with which the reader is presumably familiar.
ex. mirror mirror on the wall
figurative language
uses figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive, and impactful
ex. Simile, metaphor, hyperbole, personification, onomatopoeia, alliteration, idiom, etc.
The air was as dry as a desert.
Bam! Her grandma had a giant gerbil named Gus.
simile
two essentially dissimilar objects or concepts are expressly compared with one another through the use of “like” or “as.”
ex. It is as big as an elephant
metaphor
makes a comparison between two non-similar things
one line/sentence
ex. My heart is a bottomless ocean of love.
hyperbole
creates heightened effect through deliberate exaggeration.
uses exaggeration to create drama and add effect.
ex. I’m so hungry that I could eat a horse.
Personification
an idea or thing is given human attributes and/or feelings or is spoken of as if it were human
ex. My alarm yelled at me this morning.
sound device
used in prose and poetry to stress certain sounds and create musical effects
ex. Little Bo-Peep fell fast asleep, And dreamt she heard them bleating; But when she awoke, she found it a joke, For they were still all fleeting.
assonance
strictly limited to repeated vowel sounds
Consonant sounds in the middle or end of words
ex. The bright city lights during the night is a delightful sight
The middle of the puddle
consonance
refers to the repetition of the same consonant sounds in a line of text
ex. Clitter clatter
alliteration
reflects repetition in two or more nearby words of initial consonant sounds
ex. The swift shark swam through the sea.
tone
a literary device that reflects the writer’s attitude toward the subject matter or audience of a literary work
ex. I went to her house, but her mom said she wasn’t home even though I heard her voice.
tone is suspicious.
mood
emotional response that the writer wishes to evoke in the reader through a story
ex. The night was dark and stormy. -mood is scary and ominous
End rhyme
The rhyming of the final words of lines in a poem (normal rhyme)
ex. “humpty dumpty sat on a wall
Humpty dumpty had a great fall”
internal rhyme
Rhyming of two words within the same line of poetry
ex. “See you later, alligator”
“In a while, crocodile”
slant rhyme
Words sound similar but do nort rhyme exactly
ex. “heart” and “star”, “milk and “walk”
eye rhyme
Words that look like they rhyme but are pronounced differently
ex. “alone” and “gone,” “cough” and “through”
identical rhyme
The exact same words used at the end of both lines
ex. “Our world was bound before life
And we are alive to live this life”
Literal language
what you say is what you mean
figurative language
what you say is a figure of speech/ showing meaning without saying it
extended metaphor
many lines/sentences spread over the course of a work
onomatopoeia
word describing a sound
Note 
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