(AP Bio) Chapter 1: Introduction

review terms

What are the 7 properties of life?

What are the 7 properties of life?

1. maintain homeostasis

2. metabolism (energy/processing)

3. reproduction

4. responds to environment

5. order (cells, organs, etc.)

6. growth and development

7. evolutionary adaptation

define: biosphere

all life on earth and all of the places where life exists

define: ecosystem

all of the living things in a particular area & nonliving components with which life interacts

define: community

organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

define: population

all of the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area

define: organism

individual living thing

define: organs/organ systems

body part made of multiple tissues and has specific functions in the body

define: tissues

a group of cells working together performing a specialized function

define: cells

life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

define: organelles

various functional components present in cells

define: molecules

chemical structures consisting of 2+ units called atoms

define: eukaryotic cell

a type of cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles (enclosed), such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum

define: prokaryotic cell

a type of cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. It is typically smaller and simpler in structure compared to eukaryotic cells. They are found in bacteria and archaea, and they have genetic material floating freely in the cytoplasm.

define: DNA

double helix of nucleotides containing genetic materials

define: genes

units of inheritance, encode information to build all molecules synthesized in a cell

define: genome

entire library of genetic instructions that an organism inherits

taxonomy is the branch of biology that _____

names and classifies organisms

Is Bacteria or Archaea more similar to us (humans)?

Archaea

define: natural selection

inherit traits that are better suited for their environment are more likely to survive AND reproduce

define: hypothesis

an explanation based on observations and assumptions that lead to testable predictions (usually written in an if-then statement)

Are scientific hypothesis proved?

no, testing supports a hypothesis by not finding that it is false

define: controlled experiment

a scientific investigation in which all variables, except for the one being tested, are kept constant. This allows researchers to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between the manipulated variable (independent variable) and the observed outcome (dependent variable).

What is a common misconception about the term “controlled experiment?”

that scientists control all features of the experimental environment, usually they control unwanted variables by cancelling out their effects using a control group.

What is the difference between a theory, hypothesis, and speculation?

1. a theory is much broader in scope than a hypothesis

2. a theory is general enough to spin off many new, testable hypothesis

3. a theory is supported by a much greater body of evidence