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Principles of Teaching and Learning
Teaching and learning courses are included in radiologic technology curricula to equip students with the necessary skills to communicate effectively, educate patients, instruct others, stay current in the field, and foster their professional growth.
These courses enhance the overall competency and effectiveness of radiologic technologists as they provide vital healthcare services and contribute to patient well-being.
Why Teaching and Learning subject is taught in Radiologic Technology courses?
Effective Communication
Instructional Techniques
Patient Education
Continuing Education
Purpose of T&L in Radiologic Technology
Purpose of T&L in Radiologic Technology: Effective Communication
Radiologic technologists play a vital role in patient care, and effective communication is essential.
Teaching and learning courses help students develop strong communication skills, enabling them to explain procedures, educate patients about imaging techniques, and provide clear instructions during examinations.
These skills contribute to patient comfort, cooperation, and overall satisfaction.
Purpose of T&L in Radiologic Technology: Instructional Techniques
Radiologic technologists often find themselves in teaching roles, whether it's guiding patients through the imaging process or educating students and other healthcare professionals.
Teaching and learning courses provide radiologic technology students with instructional techniques and strategies to effectively convey complex medical information, ensuring accurate comprehension and proper application.
Purpose of T&L in Radiologic Technology: Patient Education
Radiologic technologists frequently interact with patients who may have questions or concerns about their imaging procedures.
Teaching and learning courses equip students with the knowledge and skills to educate patients about the purpose, benefits, and potential risks associated with various imaging techniques.
This enables patients to make informed decisions and alleviate any anxieties they may have.
Purpose of T&L in Radiologic Technology: Continuing Education
The field of radiologic technology is continuously evolving, with new technologies and techniques being introduced regularly.
Teaching and learning courses empower radiologic technologists to stay current with advancements in the field.
By understanding how people learn and applying effective teaching methods, they can effectively educate themselves and their peers about emerging technologies and best practices.
Teaching
An active process in which one person shares information with others to provide them with the information to make behavioral changes.
Learning
The process of assimilating information with a resultant change in behavior.
Teaching and Learning Process
A planned interaction that promotes behavioral change that is not a result of maturation and coincidence.
Teaching and Learning
are fundamental processes through which knowledge, skills, and values are transmitted from one individual to another.
explores the principles, theories, and practices that underpin effective education.
It encompasses the study of pedagogy, curriculum design, assessment methods, educational psychology, and the role of technology in instruction.
by understanding the dynamics of teaching and learning
how will educators create meaningful and inclusive learning environments, address diverse learner needs, and facilitate deep understanding and application of knowledge?
Teacher.
Learners.
MILIEU.
Matter.
Method.
Material.
Media.
Motivation.
Mastery.
Psychological Security.
Feedback.
Practice.
Belonging and Configuration.
elements of teaching and learning
elements of teaching and learning: teacher
is considered as the element that has the main role in the teaching-learning process.
He/she is considered as the so-called prime mover of the educational processes; thus he /she directs the flow of the whole process and serve as main control of the teaching learning process.
is the one that facilitates the whole process of leaning.
elements of teaching and learning: learners
are considered as the key participant in the teaching and learning process. They are considered as the primary subject or the main reason why the process is implemented.
The knowledge that acquired by the learners will whether decide whether the teaching and learning teaching objectives are achieved.
elements of teaching and learning: milieu
The Learning Environment, Since learning triggered off by stimuli in the environment, it assumes primary importance in teaching and learning.
The classroom is the usual although not the exclusive environment of learning at school.
Every stimulus in the classroom should contribute to learning.
Very much part of this environment is the human stimuli, the most important of whom is the teacher himself.
Material stimuli include objects in the room as well as common routine activities.
stimulating as possible
Teachers need to make the learning environment as, what?
elements of teaching and learning: matter
The Content of Learning - This refers to what is to be learned as specified in the instructional objective.
The teacher should make sure that the minimum standard or level of proficiency is attained by the class before moving onto the next lesson or unit.
the teacher should make sure that the minimum standard or level of proficiency is attained by the class.
what should a teacher do before moving onto the next lesson or unit?
elements of teaching and learning: method
The Teaching-Learning Strategy. This consist of purposeful, planned activities and tasks that are undertaken by the teacher and the students in the classroom to bring about the intended instructional objectives.
The learners must also show efficiency in handling the activity, going through it without hassle.
The strategy must also be effective to yield expected result and must be economical in time, effort and expense.
elements of teaching and learning: material
The Resources of Learning.
are resources available to the teacher and learners which serve as stimuli in the teaching-learning situation.
Instructional materials represent elements found in that world are meant to help students understand and explain reality. Portraying reality can be by direct experience, reproduction, representation or abstraction.
Instructional materials
represent elements found in that world are meant to help students understand and explain reality.
elements of teaching and learning: media
Communication in Teaching and Learning.
This pertains to the communication system in the teaching-learning situation.
to promote common understanding in instruction and;
to set and maintain a healthy psychological climate in the classroom conducive to learning.
dual purpose of media (elements of teaching and learning)
elements of teaching and learning: motivation
Arousing and Sustaining Interest in Learning.
the cardinal principle in learning.
A learner will learn only those things he wants to learn.
elements of teaching and learning: mastery
The Be-all and End-all of Learning.
This means internalization of learning resulting behavior in automatic or habitual change behavior through meaningful repetition and application.
comes through a "fixation" of what is to be learned, shifting it from short-term to long-term memory, allowing for ease in use and transfer to new situations in the future.
Some call it “executive control"
elements of teaching and learning: psychological security
For learning to take place, participation of learner is essential.
The learner would not participate freely unless he feels secured.
The teacher can't teach the child by threats.
The learner must be given the stimulating environment, only in this environment, the pupils are encouraged to try and therefore more likely to learn.
elements of teaching and learning: feedback
A student learns more rapidly and more thoroughly because he is forced to concentrate on material before him and because he gets immediate feedback on his progress.
It is not uncommon that after solving a problem, the child is interested to know whether his solution is correct.
elements of teaching and learning: practice
"Practice makes a man perfect," the proverb implies the importance of repetition in bringing certain habits up to the point where they come naturally to him.
The factor of practice is particularly true of skill learning.
elements of teaching and learning: belonging and configuration
Repetition, practice or drill whatever we may call it, will not result in learning. Only after restructuring, the learner can integrate and organize the experience in certain required relation.
makes the teaching learning process more effective.
Education
it plays a crucial role in the healthcare industry, providing healthcare professionals with the knowledge, skills, and competencies necessary to deliver high-quality care to patients.
Didactic Lectures
Textbooks
Hands-on Clinical Experiences.
traditional teaching approach
Complexity of Healthcare,
Demand for Lifelong Learning
Integration of Technology in healthcare delivery.
factors of innovative teaching approach:
interprofessional education (IPE) and collaborative practice.
one notable change in healthcare education
this approach promotes teamwork, communication, and shared decision-making skills among future healthcare providers, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes.
Leadership
Teamwork
Cultural Competence
Empathy
non-technical competencies of healthcare education
health education
a multidimensional field that aims to promote health literacy, enhance health-related knowledge, develop essential skills, and foster positive attitudes towards health and well-being.
It encompasses a range of topics, including but not limited to:
physical health,
mental health,
sexual and reproductive health,
nutrition, disease prevention,
substance abuse prevention, and
safety.
health education (teaching and learning)
plays a vital role in equipping individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to make informed decisions about their health and adopt healthy behaviors.
It takes place in various settings, including schools, community centers, healthcare facilities, and online platforms
health education: in schools
Health education is often integrated into school curricula to ensure that students receive comprehensive and age-appropriate health information. It may be taught as a standalone subject or incorporated into other subjects (science, physical education, or home economics)
health education provides students with essential knowledge about nutrition, physical activity, hygiene, sexual health, substance abuse prevention, and mental well-being.
It also promotes the development of skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, and decision-making, enabling students to make healthy choices throughout their lives.
health education: in community centers
target individuals of all ages and aim to address specific health concerns prevalent in the community.
These programs may focus on topics such as chronic disease management, healthy aging, parenting skills, stress management, and first aid.
often involve workshops, support groups, educational campaigns, and outreach activities to engage individuals and empower them to take control of their health.
health education: in healthcare facilities
is an integral part of patient care.
It involves providing patients and their families with information about their medical condition, treatment options, medication management, and lifestyle modifications.
Health educators in this setting play a crucial role in promoting patient understanding and compliance with healthcare recommendations, facilitating behavior change, and empowering patients to actively participate in their own care.
health education: in online platforms
With the widespread use of technology and the internet, health education has expanded into online platforms.
Educational websites, mobile applications, and social media platforms provide accessible and interactive resources to disseminate health information to a broad audience.
often includes articles, videos, infographics, interactive quizzes, and discussion forums to engage users and encourage self-directed learning.
Process of Health Education
involves several key steps that collectively contribute to effective teaching and learning about health-related topics.
acquire accurate information;
develop necessary skills and;
adopt positive attitudes and behaviors towards health and well-being.
the process of health education are designed to ensure that learners:
Assessing needs and setting goals.
Planning and curriculum development
Implementing the program
Providing accurate information
Promoting active learning and skill development
Fostering behavior change
Evaluating outcomes
Continuous improvement and adaptation
process of health education
process of health education: assessing needs and setting goals
The first step in the process is to assess the health needs and priorities of the target audience.
This involves conducting a thorough assessment of their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to health.
Based on the assessment findings, specific goals and objectives are established to address the identified needs and guide the overall health education program.
process of health education: planning and curriculum development
Once the needs and goals are identified, a comprehensive plan is developed to guide the implementation of the health education program.
This includes designing a curriculum that outlines the content, instructional methods, and resources to be used.
The curriculum should be evidence-based, age-appropriate, culturally sensitive, and aligned with established health education standards and guidelines.
process of health education: implementing the program
involves delivering the planned curriculum to the target audience.
Health educators, teachers, or facilitators utilize various instructional methods and strategies to engage learners effectively.
These may include lectures, discussions, interactive activities, demonstrations, simulations, and multimedia resources.
can take place in different settings (classrooms, community centers, healthcare facilities, or online platforms)
process of health education: providing accurate information
core of health education is providing accurate and up-to-date information on relevant health topics.
This information should be based on scientific evidence and reputable sources.
Health educators must ensure that the content is presented in a clear, understandable manner, using appropriate language and visuals.
It is essential to address misconceptions, dispel myths, and provide information that is relevant to the specific needs and characteristics of the target audience.
process of health education: promoting active learning and skill development
Health education should go beyond the transmission of knowledge.
It should provide opportunities for active learning and skill development.
This can be achieved through interactive activities, role-plays, case studies, problem-solving exercises, and group discussions.
These activities allow learners to apply their knowledge, develop critical thinking skills, practice decision-making, and enhance their communication and interpersonal skills.
process of health education: fostering behaviour change
A primary goal of health education is to facilitate behavior change and promote the adoption of healthy behaviors.
To achieve this, health educators employ strategies such as motivational interviewing, goal-setting, and action planning.
They help learners understand the benefits of behavior change, address barriers and challenges, and provide guidance and support throughout the process.
It is important to recognize that behavior change is a complex and gradual process that requires ongoing reinforcement and support.
process of health education: evaluating outcomes
the effectiveness of health education programs should be assessed through systematic evaluation.
This involves measuring the attainment of the program's objectives, evaluating changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among learners, and assessing the overall impact on health outcomes.
Evaluation methods: pre- and post-assessments, surveys, observations, and qualitative feedback.
The evaluation findings guide program improvement and inform future planning and implementation.
Health Promotion.
Disease Prevention and Control.
Health Literacy.
Key Purposes of Health Education
Key Purposes of Health Education: Health Promotion
It provides information on healthy lifestyles, disease prevention strategies, and risk reduction measures.
By raising awareness and providing education on healthy practices, health education encourages individuals to make positive choices and take responsibility for their well-being.
Key Purposes of Health Education: Disease Prevention and Control
It provides information on immunizations, screenings, early detection, and risk reduction strategies for specific health conditions.
By educating individuals about the signs and symptoms of diseases, the importance of regular check-ups, and appropriate preventive measures, health education empowers individuals to take proactive steps in preventing diseases and seeking timely medical care.
Key Purposes of Health Education: Health Literacy
It helps individuals develop the necessary skills to navigate the complex healthcare system, understand health-related information, critically evaluate health messages, and communicate effectively with healthcare providers.
essential for individuals to actively participate in their own healthcare and make informed choices.
Classroom-based Health Education
Community-based Health Education
Group-based Health Education
One-on-One Health Education
Mass Media Health Education
Peer Education
types of health education
Classroom-based Health Education
This type of health education takes place in a traditional classroom setting (schools, educational institutions)
It involves structured lessons delivered by teachers or health educators.
typically includes lectures, discussions, multimedia presentations, group activities, and interactive learning exercises.
It provides a comprehensive and structured approach to disseminate health information and promote health knowledge and skills among students.
Community-based Health Education
target specific populations or communities to address their unique health needs.
These programs are often conducted in community centers, healthcare facilities, workplaces, or other community settings.
may involve workshops, seminars, support groups, health fairs, and outreach activities.
It focuses on engaging and involving community members actively, promoting community participation, and addressing local health concerns and disparities.
Online Health Education
With the advent of technology and the internet, this has become increasingly popular.
Online platforms, websites, and mobile applications provide access to health information, resources, and interactive tools.
offers the flexibility of self-paced learning, allows for multimedia content delivery, and reaches a wide audience.
It can include webinars, e-learning modules, video tutorials, social media campaigns, and online support groups.
Group-based Health Education
involves educating individuals in small groups.
It promotes peer interaction, collaboration, and shared learning experiences.
may include support groups, counseling sessions, workshops, and group discussions.
It creates a supportive environment for individuals to learn from each other, share experiences, and provide mutual support in adopting healthy behaviors.
One-on-One Health Education
a personalized approach where a health educator or healthcare professional provides individualized education and counseling.
It involves direct interaction between the educator and the learner to address specific health concerns, provide tailored information, and develop personalized behavior change plans.
allows for in-depth discussions, customized guidance, and ongoing support.
Mass Media Health Education
utilizes various forms of media (television, radio, newspapers, magazines) to reach a large audience.
It aims to raise awareness, disseminate health messages, and promote behavior change on a broader scale.
often employs public service announcements (PSAs), health campaigns, documentaries, and advertisements to convey health information and encourage positive health behaviors.
Peer Education
involves trained individuals from the same age group or social circle educating their peers about health topics.
use their shared experiences, language, and social influence to deliver health information and promote positive behaviors.
these programs are commonly implemented in schools, colleges, and community settings to address issues such as sexual health, substance abuse prevention, and mental health.
Dimensions of Health Education Process.
refers to the various components or aspects that are integral to the effective delivery and impact of health education programs.
Content Dimension.
Pedagogical Dimension.
Contextual Dimension.
Process Dimension.
Socioecological Dimension.
Empowerment Dimension
These dimensions of health education process provide a comprehensive framework for understanding and implementing health education interventions.
dimensions of health education process: content dimension
refers to the specific knowledge and information that is shared through health education.
It encompasses the topics, facts, concepts, and skills that individuals need to learn in order to make informed decisions about their health.
is guided by evidence-based information, health guidelines, and best practices in the field.
It is important to ensure that the content is accurate, up-to-date, culturally sensitive, and relevant to the needs of the target population.
dimensions of health education process: pedagogical dimension
focuses on the instructional methods and strategies used to deliver health education.
It encompasses the techniques, approaches, and tools employed to engage learners, facilitate learning, and promote behavior change.
interactive activities, group discussions, demonstrations, role-plays, case studies, and multimedia resources.
emphasizes learner-centered approaches that encourage active participation, critical thinking, and practical application of knowledge.
dimensions of health education process: contextual dimension
recognizes that health education occurs within specific contexts and settings.
It takes into account the social, cultural, environmental, and organizational factors that influence health behaviors and learning opportunities.
acknowledges the unique characteristics and needs of the target population, as well as the availability of resources and support systems.
Health education programs should be tailored to address the specific context and ensure relevance and effectiveness.
dimensions of health education process: process dimension
encompasses the step-by-step approach and stages involved in the health education process.
It includes the planning, implementation, and evaluation of health education programs.
emphasizes the importance of systematic and evidence-based approaches in delivering health education.
It involves assessing needs, setting goals and objectives, developing a curriculum, selecting appropriate instructional strategies, monitoring progress, and evaluating outcomes.
this dimension ensures a structured and comprehensive approach to health education interventions.
dimensions of health education process: socioecological dimension
recognizes that health is influenced by a complex interplay of individual, interpersonal, community, and societal factors.
It emphasizes the need to address multiple levels of influence in health education interventions.
This dimension acknowledges that individuals exist within broader social and environmental systems that shape their health behaviors and choices.
this dimension considers factors such as family dynamics, social norms, cultural beliefs, economic conditions, and policy environments in designing and implementing health education programs.
dimensions of health education process: empowerment dimension
focuses on promoting individual and community empowerment through health education.
It aims to enhance individuals' knowledge, skills, and confidence to make informed decisions and take actions to improve their health.
this dimension emphasizes the importance of active participation, self-efficacy, and autonomy in health-related decision-making.
It encourages individuals to become advocates for their own health and agents of change in their communities.
aspects of healthcare education
It refer to the different elements or components that contribute to the overall effectiveness and comprehensive nature of health education programs.
Knowledge Acquisition.
Skill Development.
Attitude and Behavior Change.
Health Literacy.
Personal Empowerment.
Social and Environmental Factors.
Lifespan and Developmental Considerations.
aspects of health education:
aspects of health education: knowledge acquisition
This involves providing individuals with accurate and evidence-based information about health-related topics.
It includes teaching facts, concepts, and principles relevant to health, diseases, prevention strategies, healthy behaviors, and the functioning of the human body.
helps individuals develop a solid foundation of understanding to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions regarding their health.
aspects of health education: skill development
Health education also focuses on developing practical skills that enable individuals to make healthy choices and engage in behaviors that promote well-being.
These skills can include communication skills, decision-making skills, problem-solving skills, goal-setting skills, and stress management skills, among others.
equips individuals with the abilities needed to navigate health-related challenges, interact effectively with healthcare providers, and engage in positive health behaviors.
aspects of health education: attitude and behaviour change
It involves influencing individuals' beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions related to health, and motivating them to adopt positive health behaviors.
this aspect emphasizes the importance of addressing attitudes and motivations that underlie behaviors, as they significantly impact individuals' readiness to change and sustain healthy habits.
aspects of health education: health literacy
It refers to the ability to understand, evaluate, and apply health information to make informed decisions about one's health.
encompasses skills such as reading, comprehending, interpreting health-related materials, and critically evaluating health information from various sources.
Health education aims to improve this aspect by enhancing individuals' abilities to access, understand, and utilize health information effectively.
aspects of health education: personal empowerment
Health education seeks to empower individuals by promoting a sense of personal agency and control over their health.
This aspect focuses on building individuals' confidence, self-efficacy, and autonomy to take responsibility for their health and make positive choices.
encourages individuals to actively participate in their healthcare, advocate for their needs, and engage in behaviors that promote well-being.
aspects of health education: social and environmental factors
Health education recognizes the influence of social and environmental factors on health outcomes.
This aspect emphasizes the importance of addressing broader determinants of health, such as socioeconomic status, culture, family, community, and policy environments.
Health education interventions may include strategies to promote supportive social networks, create health-friendly environments, and advocate for policies that facilitate healthy choices.
aspects of health education: lifespan and developmental considerations
Health education takes into account the different needs and considerations at different stages of life.
This aspect recognizes that health education should be tailored to various age groups, considering their developmental characteristics, cognitive abilities, and specific health concerns.
Health education programs may be designed for children, adolescents, adults, and older adults, taking into account their unique needs, preferences, and challenges.
Change
It refers to the process of transitioning from one state, condition, or situation to another.
It involves a shift or transformation in various aspects of life, including personal, organizational, social, or environmental dimensions.
an occur at different scales, ranging from individual-level changes to broader societal or global transformations.
Process of Change
typically involves several stages or steps that help facilitate the transition.
Recognition.
Planning.
Communication.
Implementation.
Evaluation.
Sustainability.
common processes involved in change:
process of change: recognition
The first step in the change process is recognizing the need for change.
This involves acknowledging that the current state or situation is no longer effective, sustainable, or desirable.
It may result from internal reflection, external feedback, environmental factors, or a combination of factors that indicate the need for a different approach.
process of change: planning
Once the need for change is recognized, this is the next step.
This involves developing a clear vision or goal for the desired future state and identifying the necessary steps to achieve it.
it includes defining objectives, setting priorities, allocating resources, and outlining a timeline for implementation.
It also involves considering potential barriers or challenges and developing strategies to overcome them.
process of change: communication
It involves sharing information, rationale, and objectives of the change with all relevant stakeholders.
Clear and transparent communication helps build understanding, trust, and support among individuals or groups affected by the change.
It allows for the exchange of ideas, addressing concerns, and obtaining buy-in from those involved.
process of change: implementation
is the actual execution of the planned change.
It involves putting the strategies, actions, and interventions into practice.
may include making structural or procedural changes, adopting new technologies or systems, revising policies or guidelines, or introducing new practices.
It requires coordination, monitoring, and adjusting as necessary to ensure the change is being implemented effectively.
process of change: evaluation
a crucial step in the change process to assess its effectiveness and impact.
it involves measuring progress, collecting data, and analyzing outcomes to determine if the desired objectives are being met.
helps identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement, allowing for adjustments and refinements to enhance the change process.
It provides insights for future decision-making and continuous improvement.
process of change: sustainability
it involves ensuring that the implemented change is integrated into the existing systems, practices, and culture.
This requires ongoing support, reinforcement, and monitoring to embed the change and prevent a relapse into old patterns.
may involve providing training, resources, and ongoing communication to maintain the change and address any potential resistance or setbacks.
1. Structural Change
2. Technological Change
3. Procedural Change
4. Cultural Change
5. Behavioral Change
6. Strategic Change
7. Process Change
8. Policy Change
9. Personal Change
types of change
Structural Change
Involves significant alterations to organizational structures, processes, or systems.
Technological Change
Involves adopting new technologies or modifying existing ones to improve processes or outcomes.
Procedural Change
Focuses on modifying procedures, rules, or guidelines to enhance efficiency, compliance, or quality
Cultural Change
Involves shifting the shared values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors within an organization or society.
Behavioral Change
Focuses on modifying individual or collective behaviors to promote healthier or more productive habits.
Strategic Change
Involves redefining an organization's vision, mission, goals, or competitive positioning to adapt to external factors.
Process Change
Focuses on improving operational processes to enhance efficiency, reduce waste, or improve quality.
Policy Change
Involves modifying policies or regulations to address emerging issues, enhance governance, or promote fairness.
Personal Change
Refers to individual-level changes in attitudes, behaviors, or perspectives to improve personal well-being or growth.
Leadership and Management.
Organizational Culture.
Stakeholder Engagement.
Resources and Capacity.
Communication and Collaboration.
External Environment.
Resistance to Change.
Timing and Pace.
Past Experiences and Learning:
Factors Affecting Change:
Factors Affecting Change: Leadership and Management
The leadership style, skills, and abilities of individuals leading the change effort can significantly impact its success.
Strong leadership involves setting a clear vision, providing guidance, and empowering others to embrace and navigate the change.
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