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d.) B & C
These increase with age
The following analytes decrease with age, EXCEPT:
a.) Proteins and enzymes
b.) Immunoglobulins
c.) Blood cholesterol and other lipids
d.) B & C
e.) NOTA
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Albumin
Bilirubin
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Calcium
Cholesterol
Creatinine
Creatinine Kinase (CK)
Iron
Magnesium
Phosphate
Testosterone
Urea
Uric acid
What analytes are higher in men?
alpha-lipoproteins
cholesterol
estrogen
gamma
What analytes are higher in women?
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
This analyte is higher in girls and boys before puberty than adults, with girls having a more elevated level. It has a significant role in bone formation.
Aldosterone/renin
Fasting blood sugar
Gastrin
Inorganic phosphate
Insulin
Lipid profile
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
Triglyceride
Most tests in clinical chemistry require that the patient has fasted, particularly with which analytes that are to be tested for?
f.) C & D
This, alongside phosphorous, potassium, and ALP
The following would increase after recent food ingestion, EXCEPT: a.) Glucose b.) Triglycerides c.) Chloride d.) Amylase e.) A & B f.) C & D
intake of purine-rich foods
What would increase uric acid level?
ALP
An increase in _________ will occur 2-4 hours after a meal
ammonium ions, urates, urea
What analytes would a high-protein diet increase?
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
Ingestion of banana, tomato, avocado, and pineapple would affect levels of ______________________.
serotonin
A powerful smooth muscle stimulant and vasoconstrictor.
from tryptophan by Argentaffin cells of intestines
How is serotonin produced?
c.) Both
Which of the following statements are TRUE?
a.) An excess amount of serotonin is produced when a carcinoid tumor involving the Argentaffin cells develops.
b.) Increased serotonin results in increased 5-HIAA.
c.) Both
d.) Neither
Tryptophan-rich foods
If a patient will be tested for 5-HIAA, what foods he/she cannot eat?
catecholamine
Causes vasoconstriction, vasodilation, cardiac stimulation, breakdown of glycogen, and lipid transport. Also used as a tumor marker for chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla.
caffeine-rich foods/drinks
What foods/drinks can increase catecholamines?
lipemia
Refers to the amount of emulsified fat in the blood, causing undue turbidity of plasma.
chylous/chyle
Milky, alkaline fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fat.
chylomicrons
Transporters of exogenous triglyceride
BCG
O-cresophthalein
Acid ammonium molybdate
Reduction in amylase, lipase, uricase, urease activity
Decreased total protein and total bilirubin
What determinations are affected by milky serum?
ultracentrifugation blanking technique
What remedies are made for milky serum?
icteresia
Degree of yellowishness of serum, usually due to increased bilirubin.
carotene-rich foods
What foods can make the serum icteric?
O-Toluidine
Icterus index
Hydroxy Azobenzene Benzoic Acid (HABA)
Biuret
Determinations affected by icteric sample
O-Toluidine
A method for glucose
Icterus index
A liver function test
Hydroxy Azobenzene Benzoic Acid (HABA)
A method for albumin
Biuret
A method for total protein
c.) Both
Oral contraceptives alter which of the following?
a.) Coagulation parameters
b.) Thyroid function
c.) Both
d.) Neither
erythromycin
This affects liver function test b inducing hepatic microsomal enzymes.
liver and pancreatic enzymes
Opiates such as morphine and meperidine cause an increase in __________________.
potassium and hyponatremia
Diuretics cause decreased _________________ and __________________.
thiazide-type medications
These can cause hyperglycemia and pre-renal azotemia secondary to the decrease in blood volume.
creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase
Intramuscular injections can cause an increase of _____________________ and _______________________.
FALSE; muscular activity can have an effect on analytes
TRUE OR FALSE? A patient does not need to have minimal physical exertion.
CK
What is increased in ambulatory patients?
1 & 2
Cholesterol and triglycerides are decreased with exercise
The following are increased with exercise, EXCEPT: 1.) Cholesterol 2.) Triglycerides 3.) Lactic acid 4.) Creatine 5.) Protein
d.) A & B
Calcium and glucose are slightly decreased.
Which of the following would increase in pregnancy?
a.) Uric acid
b.) Cortisol
c.) Calcium
d.) A & B
e.) AOTA
a.) Triglycerides
Which of the following would be increased by both alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking?
a.) Triglycerides
b.) Urea
c.) Gamma-glutamyl transferase
d.) Cholesterol
c.) Both
Which of the following are TRUE?
a.) Increased body weight increases uric acid, cortisol production, and creatinine excretion
b.) Obesity is a major cause of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
c.) Both
d.) Neither
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Iron
Which diurnal variations would be increased in the morning?
ACP
growth hormone
parathyroid hormone
thyroid-stimulating hormone
Which diurnal variations would increase in the evening?
Yes. Analytes such as albumin, cholesterol, aldosterone, and calcium can increase when a patient is standing up, which is why they should be in a relaxed state when blood is being collected.
Does position/posture have an effect on analytes? Why or why not?
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE? Stress prior to venipuncture can also cause an increase in analytes.
race
immediate cooling
hemolysis
Other factors affecting chemistry analyte values