CIS 105 Midterm

study set

What is artificial intelligence?

Giving machines the ability to do smart things that humans usually do

What is 1 stop of AI that is good at one job?

Narrow AI

What can AI tools like OpenAI's ChatGPT do?

Write an entire book

What does the emergence of AI pose a significant challenge to?

Traditional job roles within the business landscape

What is Business Information Technology (IT)?

The study, design, development, implementation, support, and management of computer-based information systems

Who are the people who use computers known as?

End-users

What is a desktop computer designed to do?

Isn’t portable, stay on a desk

What is the main role of system software?

Oversee both hardware and application software

What is a spreadsheet?

A software application used for organizing, analyzing, and manipulating data in a tabular format

what is the purpose of a database?

A structured collection of data organized in a way that enables efficient storage, retrieval, modification, and management of informatio

What is presentation software used for?`

Creating visual presentations composed of slides

What does an operating system (OS) often referred to as?

A platform

What does file management involve in an operating system?

A method to store and organize files in a computer's memory

What is multitasking in terms of computer processes?

Running more than one process simultaneously

What is disk management responsible for?

Reading and writing data to a disk

What does memory management handle in a computer?

A Computers memory

What are the two main types of software?

• 
  Application software and system software

What does a software suite (or productivity suite) typically include?

A package deal of business application software

What is object embedding in productivity software?

Taking a whole section from one app and part of another

What is object linking in productivity software?

Creating a live connection so both files are current and editable

What is application software?

A toolkit of computer programs that helps you do specific tasks

Which of the following is NOT an example of application software?

Microsoft Windows

What does AI offer to enhance application software?

Smart Data Analysis

What is a word processor?

A computer program that helps you create, edit, format, and print documents

Which of the following is the most popular word processor?

Microsoft Word

What is a spreadsheet?

A digital grid for organizing and manipulating numbers

Which of the following is the most popular spreadsheet software?

Microsoft Excel

What is a database?

A digital filing system that stores organized collections of related data

Which of the following is a widely used database management system?

Microsoft SQL Server

What is presentation software used for?

Creating visual slideshows

Which of the following is a popular presentation software?

Microsoft PowerPoint

What is system software?

Software that manages and controls the physical hardware of a computer

What is an operating system (OS)?

A collection of computer programs (system software) that administer the hardware and software of a computer

What is the role of BIOS during the computer startup process?

To find hardware components like the hard drive

What does memory management handle in a computer?

Efficiently managing the computer's memory

What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

A graphical interface that allows users to interact with the computer system

What is the main function of a file management system?

Storing and managing data on a computer

What is the purpose of system updates?

To fix deficiencies and introduce new features

Which of the following is a popular web browser?

Google Chrome

What is virtual memory?

A method to handle data that exceeds RAM capacity

Why is it important to understand the internal workings of a computer in business?

To make smart business decisions involving computer purchases

What is the system unit in a computer?

The heart of a computer containing crucial components like the motherboard, power supplies, disk drives, and memory

What is the significance of Moore's Law?

Computer power doubles approximately every eighteen months

What is a microprocessor?

A CPU on a single chip that carries out instructions and handles computations

What does the motherboard in a computer do?

Connects and allows communication between various hardware components

What is a bus line in a computer?

A communication pathway for data transmission between computer components

What is the role of the power supply unit (PSU) in a computer?

Provides the electricity needed for the computer to run

What is Random Access Memory (RAM)?

Volatile memory that allows data to be accessed in any order

What is the function of CMOS in a computer?

Holds essential information for starting the computer

What is secondary storage in a computer?

Non-volatile memory that stores data long-term

What is the difference between primary and secondary storage?

Primary memory is volatile and secondary memory is non-volatile

What is the purpose of a hard disk drive (HDD)?

Stores data on spinning magnetic platters

What are the two main types of memory in a computer?

Primary storage and secondary storage

What is the role of input devices in a computer?

Convert human input into machine language

What is an output device?

Devices that provide output from the computer to the user

What is a keyboard used for?

Typing words and numbers

What is the primary function of a mouse?

Directing the cursor on the screen

What is a monitor?

An output device that displays visual information

What is a printer?

A device that produces physical copies of digital data

What is Microsoft Windows often called?

a platform

What is the significance of resolution in monitors and printers?

Higher resolution means better image quality

Who leased MS-DOS to IBM in 1980?

Bill Gates and Paul Allen

What is the precursor to Windows?

MS-DOS

Which operating system has the highest market share in the Personal Computer realm?

Microsoft Windows

What is the reason for Windows' dominance in the market?

Smart business decisions

What does an operating system manage?

Computer hardware and Application software

Which operating system is known for its user-friendly interface and extensive software compatibility?

Microsoft Windows

Which operating system is favored by creative professionals?

macOS

What is Linux known for?

Stability and security

Which operating system is designed primarily for use with Chromebooks?

Chrome OS

What is multitasking in computing?

• 
  Handling more than one process simultaneously

What is the primary storage where data can be accessed in any order without physical movement?

RAM

What process reorganizes the hard disk by removing 'clutter'?

Defragmentation

What do operating systems use to display and handle computer files?

File manager

What are embedded operating systems used for?

Devices with specific functions

Which company developed macOS?

Apple Inc.

What is UNIX known for?

Large processing applications

What is the current version of Windows as mentioned in the text?

Windows 11

Which operating system is known for its free and open-source nature?

Linux

Which platform dominates the microcomputer operating system market?

Microsoft Windows

What is the primary cause of the Earth's surface temperature increase according to scientists?

Human activities such as burning fossil fuels and clearing land

What is the 'greenhouse effect'?

The trapping of heat by carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

What do NCAR scientists use to predict future climate changes?

Computer models

What is the main challenge with current climate models?

Unreliability in predicting sea ice and cloud changes

What is the main challenge with current climate models?

Unreliability in predicting sea ice and cloud changes

What is 'green computing

Utilizing computing resources efficiently to minimize environmental impact

Who generally agrees that green computing is imperative?

Chief Information Officers (CIOs)

What is a significant portion of IT expenditure?

Power expenses

What was established by the EPA in 2006 to help organizations with environmental purchasing?

EPEAT

What is a requirement for a product to be considered EPEAT?

Meeting all required environmental criteria

What type of warranty is encouraged by EPEAT to extend product life?

Extended warranties

What does EPEAT require manufacturers to do regarding end-of-life products?

Set up take-back programs

Which program encourages energy-efficient products to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

Energy Star

What is a common feature of Green PCs?

Energy-efficient power supplies

What is a key factor for energy efficiency in Green PCs according to Energy Star®?

Low electricity consumption in different modes

What percentage of AC power must be converted to DC power in PCs according to the 2007 Energy Star® standards?

80%

What is a benefit of laptops over traditional PCs?

Lower energy usage

What do companies like Apple, HP, Lenovo, and Dell aim to reduce in their manufacturing processes?

Toxic substances

What do Green Computing Business Plans aim to achieve?

Environmental friendliness, profitability, and social responsibility