Holophrastic stage

what is the holophrastic stage?

when a child uses individual words to communicate and is deliberately conveying meaning through word choice

holophrastic stage time

12-18 months

Noun bias

first word is often mummy, daddy or other concrete count nouns

Nelson (1973)

60% of first 50 words a child speaks are nouns

Bloom (2004)

noun bias just reflects the frequency of nouns in language. nouns:verbs 5:1

early 8 sounds

emerging development between 1-3 with consistent production age 3

early 8 sounds examples

m, b, /j/, n, w, d, p, h

middle 8 sounds

emerging development between ages 3-6 1/2 with consistent production age 5 1/2

middle 8 sounds examples

t, ng, k, g, f, v, ch, j

late 8 sounds

emerging development between ages 5-7 1/2 with consistent production age 7 1/2

example of late 8 sounds

sh, s, th x2, r, z, l, z

reduplication

repeated words or syllables e.g choo, choo

diminutive/addition

reducing the scale of a noun by adding a suffix e.g CVC -> CVCV

deletion

deleting consonants at the end of a word, or deleting syllables at beginning or middle of words

consonant cluster reduction

reducing consonants to smaller units usually by deleting at least one consonant

assimilation

sounds change due to the ones around them e.g rabbit -> babbit

substitution

one sound is swapped for another easier one