human immune system

What can waken the immune system

• Stress/fatigue

• Poor nutrition

• Certain infections or medication

• Leukemia/transplant

What are B cells

• Respond to free antigen

• Each different genotype and bidding site

• Gene: random cuts →glues dna expresses just glued only

• Have memory of old plasma and memory cells

What are memory cells

• Cells that’s memorized old pathogens you’ve had to kill new ones faster

• Produces larger numbers of them

• Can forget pathogens

What are T cells

Respond to antigen on MHC

What are MHC cells

• Major Histocompatibility Complex

• Is a set of genes that encode cell surface proteins responsible for presenting peptide fragments (antigens)

• Class l: most cells

• Class ll: certain immune cells

What are plasma cells

• Makes antibodies

• Copies proteins to antibody then release into lymph and connect to same antigen

What is an antibody

• Binds to antigen

• Compliment activation

What are cytotoxic T cells

• Attack infected cells

• Needs antigen on class 2 MHC/T cell to activate only very message situations

• Checks class 1 MHC antigens and destroys cell if finds on bidding cite

What are helper T cells

• Activates B and T cells

• Goes to class ll MHC to B cell cycle

• Extra layer of security for B cell

How do capillaries help with immune system

• Leak into tissue and help exchange

• Excess fluid lost lymph helps restore → LC vessel → one way valve: moves lymph→ lymph nodes drained into packed with lymphocytes→ drained → returned

What is a spleen

• giant lymph node but for blood

• Removes old euthocyte

• Innate and adaptive(only in vertebrates) =work tg

What does innate mean

Immediate protection against infection and non specific

What does adaptive mean

Delayed help and takes time, targets specific invader

How does skin helps with invaders

Acidity of sweat is more difficult to grow and protects

What is a pathogen

Virus, fungi, bacteria, parasites

What is a natural killer cell

• Displays fragments of proteins from cells on plasma membrane

• On MHC class 1

• Ignores antigens and attacks missing MCH → cell self destruct

What is tissue rejections

normal immune respond to transplanted tissue

What is a vaccine

• Expose immune system to antigen then triggers memory cells

• New mRNA vaccine to allow body to make own antigen

What is an anti immune disease

Immune responds to bodies own tissue

What is the innate immune system

Internal and external

What is an inflammatory response

Macrophage, most cells, histamines

What is an acquired or adaptive response

• hormonal response, antigen cell mediated response

• Cytoxic T cell → macrophage plus T help though