Untitled Flashcards Set

Gastrin

A hormone secreted by the small intestine that inhibits acid production and peristalsis, slowing down food entry into the small intestine.

Secretin

A hormone that stimulates sodium bicarbonate secretion in the small intestine.

Intestinal Phase

The third digestive phase that begins when chyme enters the small intestine, triggering digestive secretions and controlling gastric emptying.

Gastrovascular Cavity

A digestive system consisting of a single opening.

Cephalic Phase

The first phase of digestion controlled by neural responses to food stimuli.

Dipeptidase

A protease that breaks down peptides to single amino acids, secreted by the brush border of the small intestine.

Chyme

A mixture of partially digested food and stomach juices.

Ruminant

An animal with a stomach divided into four compartments.

Sphincter

A band of muscle that controls the movement of materials throughout the digestive tract.

Lipase

An enzyme that chemically breaks down lipids.

Endocrines

A system that controls the response of various glands in the body and releases hormones at appropriate times.

Bolus

A mass of food resulting from the chewing action and wetting by saliva.

Somatostatin

A hormone released to stop acid secretion when the stomach is empty.

Gizzard

The muscular organ that grinds food.

Pepsin

An enzyme found in the stomach primarily responsible for protein digestion.

Duodenum

The first part of the small intestine where most carbohydrate and fat digestion occurs.

Sucrase

An enzyme that breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose.

Large Intestine

An organ that reabsorbs water from undigested material and processes waste matter.

Trypsin

A pancreatic protease that breaks down protein.

Villi

Folds on the inner surface of the small intestine that increase the absorption area.

Inhibitory Peptide

The last part of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine and is important for B-12 absorption.

Rectum

The area of the body where feces are stored until elimination.

Lactase

An enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.

Peristalsis

Wave-like movements of muscle tissue.

System

Organs where the digestion of protein, fats, and carbohydrates is completed.

Elastase

A pancreatic protease.

Liver

The organ that produces bile for digestion and processes vitamins and lipids.

Anus

The exit point for waste material.

Chymotrypsin

A pancreatic protease.

Jejunum

The second part of the small intestine.

Esophagus

A muscular tube that conducts food from the pharynx to the stomach via peristalsis.

Stomach

An organ that stores food and performs preliminary steps of digestion.

Gallbladder

An organ that stores bile and releases it into the small intestine as needed.

Pancreas

A gland with exocrine and endocrine tissues; secretes enzymes for digestion and hormones for homeostasis.

Transverse Colon

The longest part of the colon that carries food waste from right to left at the top of the abdomen.

Descending Colon

The section of the large intestine on the left side, storing feces before it is emptied into the rectum.

Ileum

The last part of the small intestine, connecting to the cecum.

Appendix

A small finger-like extension of the cecum involved in immunity.

Cecum

The blind pouch forming one branch of the large intestine.

Ascending Colon

The first part of the large intestine on the right side, where it absorbs water and electrolytes from partially digested food.